Kaplan turbine

Jebba, Nigeria

D0 = 8,5 m
De = 7,1 m *Q = 376 m3/s
Di = 3,1 m *H = 27,6 m
B0 = 2,8 m *P = 96 MW
Machicura, CHILE

*Q = 144 m3/s
*H = 36,7 m
*P = 48 MW

D0 = 7,2 m
De = 4,2 m
Di = 1,9 m
B0 = 1,3 m
Outlet Outlet Inlet Outlet Inlet
draft tube runner runner guide vane guide vane
 Hydraulic efficiency
Hydraulic efficiency h

Runner blade angle

= constant

Flow rate Q
Hill chart
 u1

v1 u2
c1

c2 v2

u 1 c u1 u 2 c u 2
h
gH
Pressure distribution and
torque

Lift

Drag

L
Torque

Arm
 1
FL C L V A
2

1
FD C D V A
2

FLift

FDrag
v
LChord
4
 Blade profile data
CD
CL

Angle of attack

Angle of attack

v
Average relative
velocity
 Pressure distribution and
torque

0,24 l Cord length, l

Suction side

Pressure side

Single profile
Cascade

The pressure at the outlet is lower for a cascade than

for a single profile. The cavitation performance will
therefore be reduced in a cascade.
 Radial distribution of the
blade profile

CL =Lift coefficient for a cascade

CL1 =Lift coefficient for a single profile

The ratio t/l influences the lift coefficient in a

cascade. The cord length for a blade will therefore
increase when the radius becomes increase
Radial distribution of the
blade profile
 Flow in the axial plane

The figure shows blades with two different design of

the blade in radial direction. This is because it will
influence the secondary flow in the radial direction
Main dimension of a
Kaplan turbine
 Diameter of the runner
o
Qn

1 .0

C m l = 0 .1 2 + 0 .1 8 0
(tiln rm e t)

0 .5
m l
C

0
1 .5 2 .0 2 .5 3 .0
0

D d 2 2
Qn c1m
4

Qn 4
D
c1m
 Height of the guide vanes
and runner diameter
P
0 .7
ns n 54
0 .6
H n
d /D
d /D , B 0/D

0 .5
B 0/D
0 .4

0 .3
300 400 500 600 700 800 900
ns
 Gap between hub and ring
and the runner blades

Gap between the

blade and ring

Gap between the

blade and hub

0 .9 0
ir k n in g s g ra d
V Efficiency

s = x 1 0 -3 d
0 .8 5

0 .8 0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
S p a l t e pGap
n in g x = 1 0 0 0 s /D
 Runaway speed

o r m a ltu rta ll

u s n i n g s t a l l / nspeed

RRunaway

V o it h


Cavitation jo n s k o e ff is ie n t
k a v i t a scoefficient

10 H S

H
The figure shows different runaway speed at
different runner blade openings. The runaway speed
is dependent of the cavitation as shown in the figure
Hill chart
 Example
Find the dimensions D, d and Bo

Given data: P = 16,8 MW

H = 16 m
Qn = 120 m3/s
n = 125 rpm
 Speed number:
2 g H 2 9,82 16 17,7 m s

n 2 125 2
13,1 rad
60 60 s

13,1 rad
s 0,74 m 1
2 g H 17,7 m
s
3
120 m
Q s 6,78 m 2
Qn
2 g H 17,7 m
s

o
Q n 0,74 6,78 1,93
Diameter, D:
c1m 0,12 0,18 o 0,467

Qn 4 6,78 4
D 4,3 m
c1m 0,467
 Diameter, d:
P 22826 Hp
ns n 125rpm 590
H n5 4 16m 54

0 .7

0 .6
d /D
d /D , B 0/D

0 .5
B 0/D
0 .4

0 .3
300 400 500 600 700 800 900
n s

d
0,45 d D 0,45 1,9 m
D
 Height, B:
0 .7

0 .6
d /D
d /D , B 0/D

0 .5
B 0/D
0 .4

0 .3
300 400 500 600 700 800 900
n s

BO
0,41 BO D 0,41 1,76 m
D
Number of vanes, z:

l
0,95 Number of blades z
t

z5