Siemens

S7-200 PLC training courses

PLC history
• Classical control
- More complicated
- Longer time for maintenance
Time consuming troubleshooting -
- Occupies larger area in switchboards
Requires more wiring -
- Standard reliability
History
• Large projects requirements
-More inputs and outputs points
Large program memory-
Several programming instructions-
Communication with other equipments-
Deal with analogue signals-
-Deal with large number of counters, timers
and markers
History
• Historical view
Course contents
• Introduction to PLC
• Bit logic
• compare
• Timers
• Counters
• Memory instructions
• Analog I/O
• Move , shift
• Practical examples
Introduction
• What is a PLC
Introduction
• Basic PLC operation
introduction
• S7 200 family
introduction
• S7-200 configuration
introduction
• S7-200 configuration
mode switch and analog adjustment
introduction
• S7-200 configuration
optional cartidge
Introduction
• S7-200 configuration
expansion modules
Introduction
• S7-200 configuration
status indicator
Introduction
• S7-200 configuration
I/O numbering
Introduction
• S7-200 configuration
inputs
Introduction
• S7-200 configuration
outputs
Introduction
• S7-200 configuration
programming software
 Analogue I/O
Typical analogue signals from 0-10 VDC or 4-20 mA =
They are used to represent changing values such as =
speed, temperature, weight and level
Introduction
Analogue outputs may be used to produce
variable reference signals for devices
: such as
Control valves #
Chart recorders #
Electric motor drives #
Pressure transducers #
Analogue meters #
Introduction
Introduction
Introduction
PLC Programming
Programming languages
Ladder diagram

The ladder diagram is the most

popular programming language

The instructions are represented

:by graphic symbols
Contacts, Coils & Boxes

Statement list Function block

 Instructions
:Standard instructions
.They are used in most programs
Examples: timer, counter, math, logical, incr., decr. and move

:Special instructions
They are used to manipulate data
.Shift, table, conversion, real time instruction

:High speed instructions

They allow for events and interrupts to occur independently of
.the PLC scan time
Examples: High speed counters and interrupts
Bit Logic instruction
Input Instructions
Normally Open contact

Normally Closed contact

Normally Open Immediate contact

Normally Closed Immediate contact

Positive Transition contact

Negative Transition contact

Not contact
Input contacts example
Output instructions
Output Instruction

Output Immediate instruction

No Operation instruction

Set (N bits) instruction

Reset (N bits) instruction

Set Immediate (N bits) instruction

Reset Immediate (N bits) instruction

Output, Set & Reset example
Starting a motor
Hard-wired DOL starting

O.L. contact

Circuit Breaker
Stop

Contactor
Star Aux. contact
t
Thermal
Overload Contact coil
Induction
Motor

Induction Motor
Using PLC

Before start

Starting

After start
Stopping
Input & Output connections
Timer instructions

On-Delay Timer

Retentive On-Delay Timer

Off-Delay Timer
On-Delay & Retentive On-Delay timers

.They count time when the enabling input (IN) is ON

.When the current value (Txxx) is > the preset time (PT), the timer bit is ON

The On-Delay timer current value is cleared when (IN) is OFF, while the
.current value of the Retentive On-Delay Timer is maintained

You can use the Retentive On-Delay Timer to accumulate time for multiple
.periods of the input ON
Off-Delay timer

The Off-Delay Timer is used to delay turning an output OFF for a

.fixed period of time after the input turns OFF

When (IN) turns ON, the timer bit turns ON immediately, and the
.current value is set to 0
When (IN) turns OFF, the timer counts till PT and the timer bit
.turns OFF and the current value stops counting

If the input is OFF for a time shorter than PT, the timer bit
.remains ON
Timers numbers & resolutions

Note
.You cannot share the same timer numbers for TOF and TON
.For example, you cannot have both a TON T32 and a TOF T32
Timer examples

On-Delay

Retentive
On-Delay

Off-Delay
Hard-wired on-delay timer
Timer example
TONR example
Timer example
Counter instructions

Up counter

Up/down counter

Down counter

A bottling machine, for example, may use a counter to count

.bottles into groups of six for packaging
Up-counter

It counts up on the rising edges of the Count Up (CU)

.input

When the current value (Cxxx) > (PV), the counter bit
.(Cxxx) turns on
.The counter is reset when the Reset (R) input turns on
Up/Down counter

.It counts up on rising edges of the Count Up (CU) input

It counts down on the rising edges of the Count Down
.(CD) input
When the current value (Cxxx) > (PV), the counter bit
.(Cxxx) turns on
.The counter is reset when the Reset (R) input turns on
Down counter

. It counts down from the PV on the rising edges of the (CD) input

When the current value is equal to zero, the counter bit (Cxxx)
.turns on

The counter resets the counter bit (Cxxx) and loads the current
.value with the (PV) when the load input (LD) turns on
Down-counter example
Up/down-counter example
Counter example

A counter might be used to keep track of the number of vehicles

in a parking lot. As vehicles enter the lot through an entrance
gate, the counter counts up. As vehicles exit the lot through an
exit gate, the counter counts down. When the lot is full a sign at
.the entrance gate turns on indicating the lot is full
The ladder logic
Memory types
• You can access data in many CPU memory areas
- process image input register (I)
- process image output register (Q)
- variable memory area (V)
- Bit memory area (M)
- sequence control relay memory area (S)
- special memory bits (SM)
- local memory area (L)
- Timer memory area (T)
- counter memory area (C)
- Analog inputs (AI)
Memory addressing
Accessing a Bit of Data in the CPU Memory (Byte.bit Addressing)
Memory addressing
You can access data in many CPU memory areas (V, I, Q, M, S, L,
:and SM) as
.bytes, words, or double words by using the byte-address format
Memory types
• Process-image input register (I)
:Format
Bit I[byte address].[bit address] I0.1
Byte, Word, Double Word I[size][starting byte address] IB4
• Process-image output register (Q)
:Format
Bit Q[byte address].[bit address] Q1.1
Byte, Word, Double Word Q[size][starting byte address] QB5
• Variable memory area (V)
:You can use V memory to
.store intermediate results of the control logic operations•
.store other data pertaining to your process or task•
:Format
Bit V[byte address].[bit address] V10.2
Byte, Word, Double Word V[size][starting byte address] VW100
Memory types
• Sequence control relay area (S)
They are used to organize machine operations or steps into equivalent
program segments. SCRs allow logical segmentation of the control
:Format
Bit S[byte address].[bit address] S3.1
Byte, Word, Double Word S[size][starting byte address] SB4
• Special memory bits (SM)
The SM bits provide a means for communicating information between the
CPU and your program. You can use these bits to select and control some
:of the special functions of the S7-200 CPU, such as
A bit that turns on for the first scan cycle •
Bits that toggle at fixed rates •
Bits that show the status of math or operational instructions •
:Format
Bit SM[byte address].[bit address] SM0.1
Byte, Word, Double Word SM[size][starting byte address] SMB86
Memory types
• Local memory area (L)
The S7-200 PLCs provide 64 bytes of local (L) memory of which 60 can be
used as scratchpad memory or for passing formal parameters to subroutines.
Format:
Bit L [byte address].[bit address] L0.0
Byte, Word, Double Word L [size] [starting byte address] LB33
Memory types
• Analog inputs (AI)
The S7-200 converts a real-world, analog value (such as temperature
or voltage) into a word-length (16-bit) digital value. You access these
values by the area identifier (AI), size of the data (W), and the starting
byte address. Since analog inputs are words and always start on
even-number bytes (such as 0, 2, or 4), you access them with even-
number byte addresses (such as AIW0, AIW2, or AIW4),as shown in
Figure Analog input values are read-only values.

Format: AIW [starting byte address] AIW4

Memory types
•Analog outputs (AQ)
The S7-200 converts a word-length (16-bit) digital value into a current
or voltage, proportional to the digital value (such as for a current or
voltage). You write these values by the area identifier (AQ), size of the
data (W), and the starting by address. Since analog outputs are words
and always start on even-number bytes (such as 0, 2, or 4), you write
,them with even-number byte addresses (AQW0, AQW2, AQW4)

Format: AQW [starting byte address] AQW4

Move instructions
The Move Byte instruction moves the input byte
(IN) to the output byte (OUT). The input byte is not
.altered by the move

The Move Word instruction moves the input word

(IN) to the output word (OUT). The input word is
.not altered by the move

The Move Double Word instruction moves the input

double word (IN) to the output double word (OUT).
.The input double word is not altered by the move

The Move Real instruction moves a 32-bit, real input

double word (IN) to the output double word (OUT).
.The input double word is not altered by the move
The block move instructions

The Block Move Byte instruction moves the number of

bytes (N) from the input address IN to the output
address
.OUT. N has a range of 1 to 255
Example
Move byte immediate instructions

The Move Byte Immediate Read instruction reads

.physical input IN and writes the result in OUT

The Move Byte Immediate Write instruction reads from

.location IN and writes to physical output OUT
Analogue I/O
Typical analogue signals from 0-10 VDC or 4-20 mA =
They are used to represent changing values such as =
speed, temperature, weight and level
The expansion module converts the standard voltage and =
current values to 12-bit digital representation. These digital
values are transferred to the PLC for use in its program
Analogue outputs may be used to produce
variable reference signals for devices
: such as
Control valves #
Chart recorders #
Electric motor drives #
Pressure transducers #
Analogue meters #
Analog o/p example
Analog i/p example
Analog i/p example