ROADS

By: Imran Arshad.

 Definition
The Organisation for Economic Co-operation
and Development (OECD ) defines,

a road is

"a line of communication (travelled way) using

a stabilized base other than rails or air strips
open to public traffic, primarily for the use of
road motor vehicles running on their own
wheels"
 History
• By about 10,000 BC-rough pathways.
• 4000 BC - stone-paved streets.
• In winter 3807 BC or spring 3806 BC-
The Timber Trackway.
• 3000 BC - brick-paved streets
• In 500 BC - Royal Road. (Persia).
• In 300 BC -Roman Roads.
• In the 700s AD -Roads paved with Tar.
Kinds Of Roads

• Highways

• Motorways
 Highways
A highway is a public road
connecting two or more
destinations.

Features
• Two or more lanes.
•Dual carriageways.
•Controlled by some authority.
 Highways
• Longest international Highway- Pan-
American Highway (25000 Km).
• Longest national Highway- Australia’s
Highway 1 (14500 Km).
• Widest Highway- The Katy Freeway
(26 Lanes).
•Highest international highway-
Karakoram Highway (15397 ft.).
Australia's Highway 1
The Katy Freeway
Karakoram Highway, Pakistan
 Motorways
The OCED has defined a motorway as:

Road, specially designed and built for motor traffic, which does
not serve properties bordering on it, and which:

(a)is provided, except at special points or temporarily, with

separate carriageways for the two directions of traffic, separated
from each other, either by a dividing strip not intended for traffic,
or exceptionally by other means;

(b) does not cross at level with any road, railway or tramway
track, or footpath;

(c) is specially sign-posted as a motorway and is reserved for

specific categories of road motor vehicles.
Socio-Economic Effects
The brighter side
• Less time consumption.
• Opportunities for economic growth.

The darker side

• Road Safety.
• Pollution.
• Habitat Fragmentation.
Roads in Pakistan
• Total length of roads = 118194 Km

• Worth of road networks = Rs. 2 Trillion.

Out of 118194 km.

• 80,000 km- Provincial Highways Department.
• 7144 km – National Highway Authority.
• The remaining network comprises of
municipal and district roads.
 Highways in Pakistan
• National Highway Authority.
•22 national highways.

•N-5
Length:1756 km.
Route: Karachi to Torkham via Multan, Lahore, Rawalpindi and
Peshawar
•It carries 60% of entire traffic and 80% of economic activity.

N-35 (Karakoram Highway)

Length: 806 km.
Route: Quetta to Taftan.
•World’s highest highway.
 Motorways in Pakistan
•12 motorways.
4 are operational
4 are under-construction
4 are planned.
• Motorways are part of National
Trade Corridor Project.