Respiratory System

Parts, Functions, Gas

Exchange and Diseases
Prepared by : Ritche C. Bagasol, RN
Objectives: At the end of the
period the students will be
able to:
1. Determine the parts and functions of the
respiratory system involved in the transport
and exchange of gases.

2. Explain how human beings breath.

3. Discuss the different disease and disorders

associated with respiratory system
 The Respiratory System

includes the
lungs and a
system of tubes
that connect the
lung tissues to
the external
environment
Respiration-Ventilation 3D Medical
Animation
 Breathing
Is the mechanical
process of inhaling
and exhaling air into
and out of our body.
The rate of
breathing increases
when blood contains
high amount of
carbon dioxide and
decreases when it
contains low amount
of this gas.
 Diaphragm

Is the muscular dome

shaped structure that
extends across the floor
of chest cavity. It is a
muscle that separates
the thorax and abdomen.
The rib muscle that
connects to the diaphram
Disease and Disorder Associated with Respiratory System
Air Pollutants
 Air
Pollutants
Such as cigarette
smoke can paralyze
the ciliated cells of
the upper
respiratory tract and
cause mucus to clog
resulting in what we
call as SMOKERS
COUGH.
 Viruses
Infiltrate and
destroy the
cells of the
nasal
passage
membranes
causing a
stuffy nose
associated
with colds.
 Mucous Secretion

Increase in
response
to the viral
attack,
creating
the runny
nose
typical of
colds
 Asthma
Brought
about
when the
immune
system is
stimulated
by pollen,
dust, or
other
irritants
 Bronchitis
An inflammation
of the
membranes that
line the bronchi
or bronchioles.
It results from
viral or bacterial
infection from
irritating
chemicals.
 Pneumonia
Caused by
bacterial or viruses
can lead to
Pneumonia , a
potentially serious
condition of the lungs
in which fluid and
inflammation build up
in the alveoli,
impeding the flow of
oxygen and carbon
dioxide between the
capillaries and the
alveoli.
Tuberculosis
Caused by a
bacterium
that attacks
the lungs
and
sometimes,
other body
tissues as
well.
 Pollutants
May cause
irregularities
on the alveoli
lining, a
condition
called
EMPHYSEM
A.
 Cigarette smoke

can
trigger the
developm
ent of
LUNG
CANCER.
 Gas Exchange in Other Animals
1. Direct Diffusion
 Direct Diffusion
Unicellular organisms
like protozoans such
as amoeba and
paramecium resort to
direct diffusion of
oxygen and carbon
dioxide through a
plasma membrane.
This is also applicable
to seaweeds and
sponges and
flatworms.
Open Respiratory System/Skin

Oxygen
diffuse
through
the skin
such as
roundwor
ms.
 Use of Gills
Large
aquatic
animals
use gills
for gas
exchange
such as
fish.
 TRACHEAL
SYSTEM
Found in
insects, air
enters through
an opening at
the side of the
abdomen called
spiracle then
lead to tubes
called tracheae
where exchange
of gases occurs.
 Book
Lungs
Found in
spiders,
where each
lung has a
number of
leaf like folds
or stacks
called book
lungs
Respiratory System of
Bird
Is adapted for
flight; the
lungs have
two openings,
one for taking
in oxygen-
filled air and
the other for
expelling
carbon dioxide
Thank you for listening!