7SS52 Busbar Protection

Power Transmission
and Distribution

Siemens AG 2009
7SS52
Distributed Busbar and Breaker Failure Protection

Page 2 Oct-07
Siemens
Power Transmission AG 2009
and Distribution
Directory

Introduction

Function overview

Hardware and function splitting

Communication and configuration

Security measures against malfunction

Protection algorithms

Page 3 Oct-07
Siemens
Power Transmission AG 2009
and Distribution
 Introduction

Page 4 Oct-07
Siemens
Power Transmission AG 2009
and Distribution
Need for busbar protection

power concentration

A busbar is a point of convergence of many circuits

generation
transmission
load >

Page 5 Oct-07
Siemens
Power Transmission AG 2009
and Distribution
Need for busbar protection

A busbar is
a point of convergence of many circuits
a concentration of power
high, destructive fault currents result !

A busbar fault
endagers the stability of the grid
a fast and selective fault clearance is required (200
100ms incl. CB operation)
a high degree of availability/ dependability is a demand
(EHV: redundant BBP main1/main2)
leads to serious damages of the switchgear
fastest and selective fault clearance is required
may endanger human live
fastest fault clearance is required >

Page 6 Oct-07
Siemens
Power Transmission AG 2009
and Distribution
Reasons and probability of a busbar fault

Reasons
mechanical problems (isolators, CTs)
insulation problems (pollution, flash over)
human errors (switch-onto-fault)

Probability
ca. 1 fault / 10 years
but: the effects can be tremendous!!
(outage, cost)

Page 7 Oct-07
Siemens
Power Transmission AG 2009
and Distribution
Fundamental terms

Bus selective tripping is one of the basic demands of multi-bus-section

busbar protection

The selectivity in a BB scheme is achieved by splitting the protection into

independent zones, so-called measuring systems

A measuring system is dedicated to an electrical node with several inputs

and outputs and is responsible for differential current processing, fault
detection and trip decision

The disconnector position is necessarily recorded (disconnector replica) to

assign the feeder currents to the proper measuring system

Each electrical node is processed by the basic equation of 1st Kirchhoffs law
(the sum of all currents must be zero in a fault free condition)

The limits of an electrical node are given by the current transformers >

Page 10 Oct-07
Siemens
Power Transmission AG 2009
and Distribution
Relevant elements
for a busbar protection configuration

Mandatory:
Busbars
BB-disconnectors
current transformers

Optional:
Line isolators
Circuit breaker

Page 11 Oct-07
Siemens
Power Transmission AG 2009
and Distribution
7SS50/51/52 Family highlights

7SS50/51 since 1989

7SS50/51
7SS50 centralized, summation CTs
7SS51 centralized, phase segregated

320 systems 7SS50/51 in operation

7SS52 since 02/1998

7SS52 distributed, phase segregated
7SS52
>1000 systems 7SS52 in operation >

Page 14 Oct-07
Siemens
Power Transmission AG 2009
and Distribution
Why a numerical busbar protection?

high availability of the system by self monitoring

provides profound information about network disturbances
(fault buffer, fault recorder)
reduced maintenance efforts due to constant accuracy,
no ageing of components, no drift of pick up values
high reliability as no mechanical switch overs are made, when
assigning feeders to selectivity zones according to their disconnector position
a selectivity zone is taken over by another one (e.g. on-load transfer)
multifunctional by integration of additional protection functions (e.g. BFP)
flexible and fit for the future as system configuration is done
with standard DIGSI4 operating software >

Page 15 Oct-07
Siemens
Power Transmission AG 2009
and Distribution
Why a distributed busbar protection?

simplier and more flexible system (few components)

faster and easier installation (bay unit by bay unit)

shorter commissioning time (bay by bay, finally the entire system )

easy and fast extension of protection system (open to the user)

lower CT burden (short leads)

reduced wiring (optical connections)

Page 19 Oct-07
Siemens
Power Transmission AG 2009
and Distribution
Distributed system

Baudrate: 1.2 MBd substation

Fibre: multimode 62.5/125 m
Plugs: ST style central unit

1,5 km
2 fibre optics

bay unit

terminal panel terminal panel terminal panel terminal panel

50 50 50 50

Page 21 Oct-07
Siemens
Power Transmission AG 2009
and Distribution
 Function overview

Page 23 Oct-07
Siemens
Power Transmission AG 2009
and Distribution
The 4 S of a perfect substation protection

+ limits damages + ease of use

+ added + maintains stability
value HMI
Speed
Additional functions + limits breakdown amount
+ increases availability

Security 7SS52 Selectivity

+ avoids over- and
+ interfaces
underfunction
the world
+ reduces
maintenance Stability Communication

Self monitoring + avoids breakdown

by false tripping

Page 24 Oct-07
Siemens
Power Transmission AG 2009
and Distribution
7SS52 Protection function overview

Page 25 Oct-07
Siemens
Power Transmission AG 2009
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7SS52 Overview (1)

using well proven measurement principle which is used by SIEMENS

in analog and numerical systems

trip time 15 ms at the command contact

saturation tolerated after 2ms (50Hz) / 1,7ms (60Hz)

phase selective measurement for each zone

disconnector independent checkzone as additional tripping criteria >

Page 26 Oct-07
Siemens
Power Transmission AG 2009
and Distribution
7SS52 Overview (2)

dead zone protection of faults between CB and CT(s) of the coupler

end fault protection for faults between CB and CT for each feeder

transfer bus treated as separate independant zone (CT line side)

O/C query per feeder as additional trip criterion

integrated versatile two step breaker failure protection

breaker failure mode low current (e.g. with Buchholz protection trip) >

Page 27 Oct-07
Siemens
Power Transmission AG 2009
and Distribution
7SS52 Overview (3)

bay out of service function to cancel the assignment to the system

disconnector replica sealing during disconnector maintenance

bay in Maintenance
increased availability of protection function in case of
device faults (bay unit, optical fibre) or CT troubles

additional tripping characteristic for earth faults in resistive

earthed networks; release by additional external criteria (binary input of CU) >

Page 28 Oct-07
Siemens
Power Transmission AG 2009
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Maximum substation configuration

12 busbars or bus sections (independant protection zones)

48 feeders with up to 5 disconnectors

16 couplers (1 CT) / 8 couplers (2 CTs)

12 coupling zones (BB sections w/o feeders) >

Page 29 Oct-07
Siemens
Power Transmission AG 2009
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 Hardware and function
splitting

Page 30 Oct-07
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Power Transmission AG 2009
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System structure (1)

central unit
ZPS ZPS ZPS modular system
(BSZ1) (BSZ2) (BSZ3) EAZ D-CPU PS
DPR DPR DPR

ZPS
few types of
(SBK) components
DPR DPR DPR DPR DPR DPR

ZPS
(SK1)
ZPS
(SK2)
ZPS
(SK3)
ZPS
(SK4)
ZPS
(SK5)
ZPS
(SK6)
easy to assemble
1 2 8 48
easy to extend >
bay 1 bay 2 bay 48

bay unit bay unit bay unit

A/D C A/D C A/D C

ZPS: processing unit BSZ: protection algorithm EAZ: I/O unit

SBK: system management SK: Serial link PS : power supply

Page 31 Oct-07
Siemens
Power Transmission AG 2009
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System structure (2)

central unit
ZPS ZPS ZPS D-CPU
(BSZ1) Calculation (BSZ2) Calculation (BSZ3) Calculation
Master
System checkzone even odd
DPR DPR DPR DPR
control samples samples
ZPS
(SBK)

DPR DPR local and

remote
ZPS Interface to up ZPS communication
(SK1) to 8 bay units (SK6)

1 2 8 48

bay 1 bay 48

bay unit bay unit

A/D C A/D C
Date acquisition of
bay information,
indication, tripcommands

ZPS: processing unit BSZ: protection algorithm EAZ: I/O unit

SBK: system management SK: Serial link SV: power supply

Page 32 Oct-07
Siemens
Power Transmission AG 2009
and Distribution
7SS522 Central unit (front)

Page 33 Oct-07
Siemens
Power Transmission AG 2009
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7SS522 Central unit (rear)

Page 34 Oct-07
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Power Transmission AG 2009
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Jobs of the central unit

phase segregated and zone selective differential protection

breaker failure protection (partly, e.g. intertrip)

data transmission and synchronisation of bay units

periodical check of whole system

managing of configuration data and settings

communication interfaces (local and remote)

operational and fault annunciation buffer, fault record (I diff, Istab)

Page 35 Oct-07
Siemens
Power Transmission AG 2009
and Distribution
7SS522 Central unit: connection diagram

to bay units 148

Page 36 Oct-07
Siemens
Power Transmission AG 2009
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7SS523 Bay unit

Page 37 Oct-07
Siemens
Power Transmission AG 2009
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7SS525 Bay unit

Page 38 Oct-07
Siemens
Power Transmission AG 2009
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Jobs of the bay unit

samples measurement values, treats and checks them,

shows them on the display
record of disconnector positions
records and treats information for the BF protection
BF protection (partly, e.g. timers)
operational and fault annunciation buffer, fault record (phase currents)
serial link to central unit, measurement transmission
periodical test of environment, self monitoring
O/C backup protection
end fault protection

Page 39 Oct-07
Siemens
Power Transmission AG 2009
and Distribution
7SS523 Bay unit: connection diagram

4 current inputs
20 binary inputs
9 trip contacts
1 alarm contact
2 live contacts (NC)

Binary I/0
configuration
is examplary

Page 40 Oct-07
Siemens
Power Transmission AG 2009
and Distribution
7SS525 Bay unit: connection diagram

4 current inputs
10 binary inputs
8 trip contacts
1 alarm contact
1 live contact (NC)

Binary I/0
configuration
is examplary

Page 41 Oct-07
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Power Transmission AG 2009
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 Communication and
Configuration

Page 42 Oct-07
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Power Transmission AG 2009
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Centralized and local operation

DIGSI 4
operation of
el. RS 232 bay unit
DIGSI 4
operation of
central unit
and bay units
2 optical fibers

el. RS 232

Page 43 Oct-07
Siemens
Power Transmission AG 2009
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Local operation of bay unit 7SS523

indication of
diff and stab currents
local currents IL1, IL2, IL3, IE
disconnector positions, trip, status

local operation with DIGSI 4

maintenance functions (fixed)

F1: bay out of service
F2: CB test trip
F3: freezing of disconnector position
F4: reversal of CT polarity

backup O/C protection (option) >

Page 47 Oct-07
Siemens
Power Transmission AG 2009
and Distribution
Busbar and disconnector configuration,
online visualisation

configuration and
operation of 7SS52 with
DIGSI 4
configuration as with
display editor
library of static and
dynamic symbols, user
defined possible as well
connection of the
dynamic symbol with the
respective device (i.e.
CB, disconnector),
measured value
standard typicals are
provided, new typicals
can be stored
online visualisation

Page 48 Oct-07
Siemens
Power Transmission AG 2009
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Fault record

Page 49 Oct-07
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Power Transmission AG 2009
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 Security measures

Page 50 Oct-07
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Power Transmission AG 2009
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Measures to detect external failures

supervision of disconnector positions in pairs of auxiliary contacts

broken wires and loss of supply voltage can be detected

monitoring of differential currents under normal load ( Ino)

CT faults, wiring and disconnector replica faults are detected >

Page 51 Oct-07
Siemens
Power Transmission AG 2009
and Distribution
Security against overfunction
3-out-of-3 trip control for the trip relays of each bay unit

fault in zone x, fault in zone x, fault within checkzone

calculated with all calculated with all calculated with
odd samples even samples all samples
(1,3,5..) (0,2,4..) (0,1,2)
ZPS ZPS ZPS
(BSZ 3) (BSZ 2) (BSZ 1)
DPR DPR DPR Central unit

trip relay

L- L+

Bay unit

Page 52 Oct-07
Siemens
Power Transmission AG 2009
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Measures to handle internal failures

checksum test for memory

watch dog for software and micro processor tests
data transmission monitored by telegrams and check sums
offset and amplifier supervision of ADC
sum of phase currents must equal the earth current
periodical test of trip circuits of the bay unit
(command transistors and trip relay coil):

trip simulation for 1 ms, for 1 trip channel ->

the according command transistor must switch >

Page 53 Oct-07
Siemens
Power Transmission AG 2009
and Distribution
tripping characteristic

Idiff

tripping
area

stabilizing
area

Istab*

Page 54 Oct-07
Siemens
Power Transmission AG 2009
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tripping characteristic (ext. fault/ load)

Idiff

external fault
external fault or Idiff = 0
operation
Istab = |I1|+|I2|+...|In|
condition
Istab*

Page 55 Oct-07
Siemens
Power Transmission AG 2009
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tripping characteristic (CT errors)

Idiff

CT errors CT errors
Idiff ~ CTerrors
Istab = |I1|+|I2|+...|In|

Istab*
security for
CT errors

Page 56 Oct-07
Siemens
Power Transmission AG 2009
and Distribution
tripping characteristic (CT saturation / k-factor)

A prefault operating point

Idiff B saturation inception
C tripping condition ?
depends on k-factor !
k=0,65
C k=0,50
external fault
Idiff = f (saturation)
Istab = |I1|+|I2|+...|In|

A B Istab*

Page 57 Oct-07
Siemens
Power Transmission AG 2009
and Distribution
tripping characteristic

ideal internal fault

Idiff fault line (k=1) Idiff = I1
Istab = I1
fault is on fault line
k=0,8
internal fault
external fault or external fault
operation condition
Idiff = 0
Istab = |I1|+|I2|+...|In|

Istab*
security for
CT errors and
CT trouble

Page 58 Oct-07
Siemens
Power Transmission AG 2009
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Selective zones

selective
zone 1

selective
zone 2

selective zones = feeder current assignment by disconnector position

Page 59 Oct-07
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Power Transmission AG 2009
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Checkzone = overall protection

checkzone

checkzone = disconnector-independent measuring system

Page 60 Oct-07
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Power Transmission AG 2009
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Selective zones + checkzone

selective
zone 1

selective checkzone
zone 2

Page 61 Oct-07
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Power Transmission AG 2009
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Disconnector replica
status evaluation (1)

Page 62 Oct-07
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Power Transmission AG 2009
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Disconnector replica
status evaluation (2)

NO NC comment reaction
0 1 disc. open
0 0 running time start of supervision
(=> disc. closed) timer
1 0 disc. closed
0 0 dc fail (0/0 all "old position" resp.
discs of a bay) disc. closed" *
1 1 disturbance "old position" resp.
disc. closed" *
*) settable

+ no need of adjusted auxiliary contacts (recommendation: limit switches)

+ no blocking of protection during disconnector transition

Page 63 Oct-07
Siemens
Power Transmission AG 2009
and Distribution
End fault protection (EFP) for feeders

Definition: EFP = protection of area (stub) between CB and CT

EFP is activated only with open CB recognition

separate timer for CB-open acquisition (NC) for main/aux. contact

coordination

CB close command deactivates EFP and immediately

re-considers feeder current in BBP measurement

requirements: CB aux. contacts (NO,NC), CB close command

supervision of CB aux. contacts (NO,NC) and CB close command

Page 64 Oct-07
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Power Transmission AG 2009
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End fault protection EFP (CT lineside)

Bus A 1) without EFP

bus A is tripped unnecessarily (as measuring range
is down to the CT)
- overfunction
fault is only cleared by protection at the remote line side
EFP
- delayed fault clearance

2) with EFP
feeder current is removed from bus A measurement
+ no unnecessary trip of bus A
intertrip signal by O/C function of bay unit to trip
CB at remote line side
+ fast fault clearance

Page 65 Oct-07
Siemens
Power Transmission AG 2009
and Distribution
CT layout parameters

the CT requirements are quite low

in comparison to high-impedance BBP, as

no special CT types (like class PX / IEC 60044-1) are required
different CT types (e.g. 5Px,TPZ, Cxxx) can be used in one scheme
different CT ratios can be matched by software
the CT core can be shared with other protective relays

in comparison to other protective relays, as

the required transient dimensioning factor ktd is as low as 0.5
(ktd > 1.2 5 for differential or distance relays)

no numerical limit of max/min-CT ratio, but the weakest CT must fulfill the
requirements

Page 67 Oct-07
Siemens
Power Transmission AG 2009
and Distribution
7SS52 Busbar Protection

Power Transmission
and Distribution

www.siprotec.com

Siemens AG 2009