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BOSCH PROCESS
Synthesis of ammonia
Steps involved in the Haber-Bosch
process
Le Chateliers principal also states that a high pressure would favour the
formation of ammonia. Yet, high pressures are very difficult and expensive to
maintain. High pressure increases the risk of gases exploding out of the
reaction vessel; the cost of making pipelines and vessels to withstand such
high pressure is extremely high and a lot of energy is needed to generate
high pressures. Therefore, a compromise of 200 atm was accepted.
Uses of ammonia
Nitrogen is an essential nutrient in plant growth. Plant roots absorb nitrogen
form the soil in the form of nitrates. It is required for the formation of proteins,
chlorophyll and nucleic acids. Over a number of years, after repeated use, the
ammonia content in the soil is drastically reduced and has to be replenished.
Approximately 80% of ammonia is made into ammonia salts which can then
by applied to the soil. Ammonium nitrate (sold commercially as NITRIM) is the
most widely used fertilizer. Ammonium sulphate and ammonium phosphate
are also produced. Liquid ammonia is also commonly applied to the soil.