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A reservoir is a porous rock which contains fluids and consists of several elements:
Source Rock, that essential to reservoir formation.
Cap Rock, a structural trap usually a shale or anhydrite with extremely low or no porosity and permeability.
Reservoir Rock, usually a sandstone, limestone or dolomite which must have porosity and permeability.
An idealized view of porous hydrocarbon-bearing reservoir rock is shown below The rock matrix consists of grains of sand,
limestone, dolomite, or mixtures of these. Between the grains is pore space filled with water, oil, and perhaps gas. The water
exists as a film around the rock grains and as hour-glass rings at grain contacts; it also occupies the very fine crevices. The water
forms a continuous path, although very tortuous, through the rock structure. Oil occupies the larger pore spaces. If gas is present,
it will occupy the largest pores, leaving oil in the intermediate spaces.
The rock properties important in log analysis are porosity, water saturation, and permeability. The former two determine the
quantity of gas or oil in place, and the latter determines the rate at which that hydrocarbon can be produced.
Idealized Porous Rock
An idealized view of porous
hydrocarbon-bearing reservoir rock is
shown below The rock matrix consists
of grains of sand, limestone, dolomite, or
mixtures of these. Between the grains is
pore space filled with water, oil, and
perhaps gas. The water exists as a film
around the rock grains and as hour-glass
rings at grain contacts; it also occupies
the very fine crevices. The water forms
a continuous path, although very
tortuous, through the rock structure. Oil
occupies the larger pore spaces. If gas is
present, it will occupy the largest pores,
leaving oil in the intermediate spaces.
Idealized Porous Rock
Porosity, Water Saturation
& Permeability
Shale
Matrix Matrix
Matrix Matrix
Clay & Shale (continue)