HVAC Training

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HVAC FUNDAMENTALS
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What is a HVAC system ?
HVAC is an acronym for Heating, Ventilation and Air

Conditioning.
HVAC is a historical term that is commonly known today as

air conditioning.
A HVAC system maintains and controls the conditions of

the inside
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Asiemens
HVAC system
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siemensworkplace or home,or controls conditions for
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manufacturing
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A HVAC system comprises air conditioning plant, air and water
reticulation, and controls.

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What affects a HVAC system design ?
HVAC systems are designed to overcome the outside environment

and building design.
HVAC systems are designed to maintain comfort conditions for

the building occupants.
HVAC systems are designed to maintain stringent conditions for

industrial
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processes.
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HVAC systems are designed to meet energy costs and reliability

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from an owners point of view.

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What are the main processes carried out by a

HVAC system ?
Ventilation - the process of exchanging air between the

outdoors and the conditioned space.
Air movement - the process of circulating and mixing air
through conditioned spaces.
Cleaning - the process of removing particles and biological
contaminants in the air.
Heating - the process of adding thermal energy (heat) to the air
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in the conditioned
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Cooling - the
siemens sans italic process of removing thermal energy (heat) from
the siemensair in italic
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conditioned space.
Humidifying
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the air.black italic
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Dehumidifying - the process of removing water vapor
(moisture) from the air.

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Refrigeration Process
Refrigeration is the process of removing heat at a low

temperature level & rejecting it at a relatively higher
temperature level.
Refrigerant is nothing but heat carrier i.e. heat carrying

medium.
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Vapor Compression Refrigeration Cycle
High Pressure/
High Temp
Compressor
Hot Gas Line Cold Gas
Line
Low Pressure/
Low Temp
Condenser
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Heat
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High Pressure/ Heat
Low Temp Rejected
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Cold Liquid Line Expansion Cold Liquid Line
Device
Low Pressure/
Low Temp

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Types of Systems
Direct Expansion (DX System).
1. Window Airconditioner
2. Split Units.
3. Packaged Unit.
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siemens sans italic Chilled Water System (DW System)
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Unitary Air Conditioning Units. (Package

Units.DX System)
Unitary A/C units are self contained with
fan, refrigeration compressor, condenser,
etc.
Individual room units are designed to fit

inwindows or a wall mounted consoles.
Split systems are where the fan and coil

are mounted inside and the condensing
unit Siemens
is mounted
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Vertical selfsans
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italic air conditioners are
mounted external
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sans italic air is ducted to the
bold
Outside air Room air
room.
siemens sans black
siemens black italic Window Unit.
Roof top units are weatherproof units and 1. Outside air 2. Exhaust air 3. Supply
the air is ducted to the space below. 4. Return air 5.Outside & room fans
6. Evaporator 7.Compressor 8. Condens
9. Exp. valve 10.Refrig. Pipe 11. Air filter
12.Grille 13.Condensate collector
14. Casing 15. Window 15. Room

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Unitary AC Units. (Split systems. DX System)
As the name implies, the air conditioner is

split into two parts, refrigeration and
ventilating parts.
The refrigeration part consists of a

compressor and an air cooled condenser.
The ventilating part consists of a fan and

an evaporator to cool or heat the air.
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Thesiemens
condensing unit is mounted outside
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which assists
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and siemens
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italic the room.
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The fan coil unit can be mounted in the Split System.
room or in a remote position with duct to
1. Outside air 2. Exhaust air 3. Supply
the room. air 4. Return air 5. Room 6. Evaporator
7.Compressor 8. Condenser 9. Exp.

valve 10.Refrigerant pipe 11. Condensing
unit. 12.Fan coil unit. 13.Ventilation grid
14. Filter

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DX System
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In-Direct System
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Sample Screens - Water Cooled Chiller
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Sample Screens-Air Cooled Chillers
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Sample Screens- Chillers
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Sample Screens- Cooling Tower
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Sample Screens-Basic AHU
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Sample Screens-Basic AHU
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Sample Screens-Treated Fresh Air Unit
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All - Water Systems. ( 2-pipe fan coil unit

system.)
Two water pipes are led to each fan coil unit,
cold water is pumped in summer,
hot water in winter.
Thus only cold water or hot water is available at the

fan coil units at any one time.
It is not possible to cool a room and
simultaneously heat an adjacent room on
the samesans
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This system
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most successful in
summer anditalic
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conditions areitalic
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bold and predictable. 1. Hot or cold water flow.
2. Hot or cold water return.
This system
siemens is less successful in
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3. Fan coil units with one coil.
spring
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blackautumn,
italic when low ambient 4. Different rooms. 5. Supply air.
temperature and solar loads require zones to 6. Boiler. 7. Chiller.
need cold water and others to need hot water.

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VAVs & CAVs
CON IT S
STAN UN
UNIT T AIR M E
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S
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VOVLOL U
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AI R U ME
L
B E
IA
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R
VA
10/15/09
HVAC Presentation SYNERGY E L V Division
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Characteristics of VAV
Air distribution equipment
Mainly used in buildings where single AHU serves many

areas
Optimizes power consumption while maintaining

thermal comfort
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Ideally suited
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Full cooling
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full heating take place about 20 % of the
time.
siemens Rest of the time systems operate at less than full
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capacity.
The VAV box adjusts the amount of air that enters the
space or room to maintain temperature
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Ventilation & Air-conditioning System -

Air only systems
Variable air Volume System
6
1
7
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9
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Fig. 57

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Control of individual room temperature
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Types of VAVs
Shut-off type VAVs
Pressure Controller
Pressure Sensor
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Types of VAVs
VAV with volumetric flow control
Variable Frequency Drive Pressure Controller
M Pressure Sensor
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Types of VAVs
By - pass type VAV

To False ceiling
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From AHU
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To conditioned Space
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Sample Screens-Exhaust Fans
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HVAC system in a building
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Siemens sans THANK YOU

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10/15/09 HVAC Presentation SYNERGY E L V Division

What is a HVAC system ?

HVAC is an acronym for Heating, Ventilation and Air

HVAC is a historical term that is commonly known today as

A HVAC system maintains and controls the conditions of

10/15/09 HVAC Presentation SYNERGY E L V Division

What affects a HVAC system design ?

HVAC systems are designed to overcome the outside environment

HVAC systems are designed to maintain comfort conditions for

HVAC systems are designed to maintain stringent conditions for

HVAC systems are designed to meet energy costs and reliability

from an owners point of view.

10/15/09 HVAC Presentation SYNERGY E L V Division

What are the main processes carried out by a

Ventilation - the process of exchanging air between the

10/15/09 HVAC Presentation SYNERGY E L V Division

Refrigeration is the process of removing heat at a low

Refrigerant is nothing but heat carrier i.e. heat carrying

10/15/09 HVAC Presentation SYNERGY E L V Division

Vapor Compression Refrigeration Cycle

10/15/09 HVAC Presentation SYNERGY E L V Division

Direct Expansion (DX System).

10/15/09 HVAC Presentation SYNERGY E L V Division

Unitary Air Conditioning Units. (Package

Individual room units are designed to fit

Split systems are where the fan and coil

10/15/09 HVAC Presentation SYNERGY E L V Division

Unitary AC Units. (Split systems. DX System)

As the name implies, the air conditioner is

The refrigeration part consists of a

The ventilating part consists of a fan and

7.Compressor 8. Condenser 9. Exp.

10/15/09 HVAC Presentation SYNERGY E L V Division

10/15/09 HVAC Presentation SYNERGY E L V Division

10/15/09 HVAC Presentation SYNERGY E L V Division

Sample Screens - Water Cooled Chiller

10/15/09 HVAC Presentation SYNERGY E L V Division

Sample Screens-Air Cooled Chillers

10/15/09 HVAC Presentation SYNERGY E L V Division

Sample Screens- Chillers

10/15/09 HVAC Presentation SYNERGY E L V Division

Sample Screens- Cooling Tower

10/15/09 HVAC Presentation SYNERGY E L V Division

Sample Screens-Basic AHU

10/15/09 HVAC Presentation SYNERGY E L V Division

Sample Screens-Basic AHU

10/15/09 HVAC Presentation SYNERGY E L V Division

Sample Screens-Treated Fresh Air Unit

10/15/09 HVAC Presentation SYNERGY E L V Division

All - Water Systems. ( 2-pipe fan coil unit

Thus only cold water or hot water is available at the

10/15/09 HVAC Presentation SYNERGY E L V Division

VAVs & CAVs

Air distribution equipment

Mainly used in buildings where single AHU serves many

Optimizes power consumption while maintaining

Ventilation & Air-conditioning System -

10/15/09 HVAC Presentation SYNERGY E L V Division

Control of individual room temperature

VAV with volumetric flow control

Variable Frequency Drive Pressure Controller

By - pass type VAV