and

ecosyst
Definition:
BIODIVERSITY
A variety of organisms existing in an
environment

ECOSYSTEM
A community of organisms that live, feed and
interact with each other.

* The organisms in an ecosystem play specific roles to

maintain balance in Nature.
 THE VALUE OF SPECIES CAN BE DIVIDED INTO
(3) VARIOUS CATEGORIES:
1.) Direct Economic Value:
if their products are sources of food, medicine, clothing, shelter
and energy.
2.) Indirect Economic Value:
if there are benefits produced by the organism without using
them thus protecting the quality of nature
3.) Aesthetic Value:
if the species provide visual or artistic enjoyment .

* Stability: resilience to withstand changes that may occur in the

society.
THE UPS AND DOWNS OF POPULATION GROWTH:

Population: a group of organisms of

the same species that live in a
certain area
Population Density: measurement
of population per unit area
 Birth Rate (Natality):
number of births in a population
Death Rate (Mortality):
number of organisms that are dying in a
population

Note:
BR>DR = population increase
BR<DR = population decrease
 Endangered species - species
threatened with extinction
Extinct species - no longer existing
 Populations Growth
is limited by two factors:

1.) Density-Dependent Limiting Factor

- regulates a population's growth and is influenced by
population density

2.) Density-Independent Limiting Factor

- the population density does not directly influence
changes in population's growth.
(eg: natural disasters, temperature, human's bad activities,
sunlight received)

* Carrying Capacity: maximum number of organisms that an

environment can support.
 2 TYPES OF POPULATION GROWTH:

EXPONENT LOGISTIC
IAL GROWTH
GROWTH
 Logistic growth: Resources are limited
and become scarce. It levels off when the
carrying capacity of an environment is
reached.
Exponential growth: Resources are
unlimited and sufficient for all organisms
thus more birth rates are recorded.
 Limiting Factors
that depend on population density
1. Diseases and Parasites
they spread faster in densely populated
area
2. Competition for Resources
Organisms with limited abilities to
compete for resources: not reproduce
often; not live long enough; decreased
population
 Limiting Factors
that depend on population density

3. Predation
As the number of prey decreases, the
number of predators decrease too. (Because
there is not enough food to sustain them.)
4. Emigration
When a population approaches its carrying
capacity, individual organisms leave and go
to a new area with enough resources for
survival and reproduction.
Environmental Problems and Issues

A. Coral Reefs
Damaged by destructive fishing methods such
as muro-ami, dynamite, cyanide and fine nets
in fishing.
B. Farmlands are converted into housing projects
C. Water Pollution
 THANK YOU~
By:
Dolino, Ariane I.
Rosareal, Zion-Grace C.
Trespuentes, Catherine P.