Optimum Layout for a Turbofan Engine

P M V Subbarao
Professor
Mechanical Engineering Department

An excellent Choice for Fighter

 Mixed Flow Turbofan Engine

6h 8
4 5 7
2 3
1 p06c p03 6c
 Ideal Mixer
Ideal Mixer : Constant Total Pressure Process.
For a stable operation of the mixer, the inlet static
pressures of core flow and fan flow must be equal.
If they are not, back flow will occur in either the fan
or core. p p
6c 6h

p06c p06h p07 p03

M06c M06h
The stagnation pressure ratio across the fan:
p 03 p 06h
r0p,fan
p02 p 02
 p06h p06h p04
r0p,fan
p02 p04 p02

5 6h
4 7 8
1 2 3
6c
p06h p04 p03
r0p,fan r0p,comp r0p,fan r0p,turbine
p05 p03 p02
Condition for Efficient Mixing

1 r0p,comp r0p,turbine

1 0p,comp 0p,turbine
 Theory of Jet Propulsion : Just Enough Work
The power inputs to the compressor & fan = The power
output of the turbine

W compressor W fan W turbine

m core c pT0 0 p , fan 1 0 p ,comp m core 1 c pT0 1 0 p , fan

m core 1 f c p 0,ccT0 1 1
0 p ,comp

0 p , fan 1 0 p ,comp 1 1 0 p , fan

1 f 0,cc 1 1
0 p ,comp
 0 p , fan 0 p ,comp 1 1 0 p , fan 1 1 f 0,cc 1
1

0 p ,comp

0 p , fan 0 p ,comp 1 1 f 0,cc 1

1

0 p ,comp

1 f 0,cc 1 1 1
0 p , fan 0 p ,comp

0 p,comp
 Adiabatic mixing process:

mcore 1 f c p T06h m fan c p T06c mcore 1 f m fan c p T07

1 f T06h T06c 1 f T07

T07
1 f T06h T06c
1 f
 T06h T05 0p,turb 0,cc 0p,turbine T0

T06c T03 0p,fan T0

1 f 0,cc 0p,turbineT0 0p,fan T0

T07
1 f

T07 T0
1 f 0p,fan
0,cc 0p,turbine

1 f
 Mixed Flow Turbofan w/o AB
T08 T07

5 6h
4 7 8
1 2 3
6c
p08 p07 p06c p06h p07 p03 r0p,fanp 0
T08 T07 T0
1 f 0p,fan
0,cc 0,turbine

1 f
p08 p06c p06h p07 p03 r0p,fanp 0

1 2 1
p08 p8 1 M8 r0p,fanp 0
2
1

2 p0

M 0p,fan 1
2
8
1 p

 2 T0
M 2
8 0p,fan 1
1 T
T08
T8
1 2
1 M8
2
T08 T0
1 f 0,cc 0,turbine 0p,fan
1 f
V82 RT8M82 Vjetmix RT8 M8
 Generation of Thrust : The Capacity

core 1 f Vjetmix 1 Vac

FT,mixed m

Propulsive Power or Thrust Power: Pp FT,mixed Vac

Specific Thrust based on total jet flow S,

FT,mixed
Smixed
core 1 f
m
Thrust Specific Fuel Consumption TSFC
fuel
m
TSFC
FT,mixed
m fuel
TSFC
core 1 f Vjetmix 1 Vac
m
f

1 f Vjetmix 1 Vac
 Aviation Appreciation
Propulsion Efficiency

Thrust Power
propulsion
Available Kinetic Power of the Jet

FT,mixed Vac
propulsion
core
m
2

1 f Vjetmix
2
1 Vac2
 Mixed Flow Fan : Effect of Bypass
Ratio
Non-dimensional Specific Thrust

r0p,comp=15

Non-dimensional TSFC
Mac=0.75
cc=5.78
 Subsonic Operation : Mixed Turbo Fan: Mac=0.75

Fan Pressure Ratio

Bypass Ratio

Compressor Pressure Ratio

 Supersonic Operation : Mixed Turbo Fan:
Mac=2.0
2 Fan Pressure Ratio
Bypass Ratio

4
5
Compressor Pressure Ratio
 Subsonic Operation : Mixed Turbo Fan:
Mac=0.75

Fan Pressure Ratio

5
TSFC

4
3

Compressor Pressure Ratio

Subsonic Operation : Mixed Turbo Fan : Mac=0.75

Fan Pressure Ratio

2
Specific Thrust

3
4
5

Compressor Pressure Ratio

 Supersonic Operation : Mixed Turbo Fan :
Mac=2.0
5 Fan Pressure Ratio
4

3
TSFC

Compressor Pressure Ratio

Supersonic Operation : Mixed Turbo
Fan : Mac=2.0

Fan Pressure Ratio

2
Specific Thrust

Compressor Pressure Ratio

 Designs for Fuel Economy: Subsonic
Flight

5
TSFC

Fan Pressure Ratio

4
3
Fan Pressure
2 Ratio

Bypass Ratio
Compressor Pressure Ratio

Compressor Pressure Ratio

Designs for High Thrust: Supersonic Flight
Mixed flow turbofan with After Burner:

6h 7 9
8

6c
 1 f 0,cc 0p,turbineT0 0p,fan T0
T07
1 f
After burner temperatures are generally less than after
combustor temperature.

T08 < T05

Generally the percentage of enhancement in thrust is

specified to determine temperature of the gas after burner.
T08
0,ab 0,cc
T0
 T07
f ab H .V . c pT0 1 f comb f ab 0,ab 1 f comb
T0

1 fcomb 0,cc 0p,turbineT0 0p,fan T0

T07
1 f comb
 T08 0,ab T0

p09 p08 p06c p06h p07 p03 r0p,fanp 0

1 2 1
p09 p9 1 M9 r0p,fanp 0
2
1

2 p0

M 0p,fan 1
2
9
1 p

 2 T0
M 2
9 0p,fan 1
1 T
T09
T9
1 2
1 M9
2
T09 0,ab T0

V92 RT9M92 Vjetmix RT9 M9

 Generation of Thrust : The Capacity

core 1 fcomb fab Vjetmix 1 Vac

FT,mixed m

Propulsive Power or Thrust Power: Pp FT,mixed Vac

Specific Thrust based on total jet flow S,

FT,mixed
Smixed
core 1 fcomb fab
m
TF30: Pratt and Whitney Mixed Flow Turbofan
Engine

The TF30P414 engine is a mixed flow, dual spool afterburning

low by pass turbofan designed and manufactured by Pratt and
Whitney Aircraft of West Palm Beach, Florida.
The engine incorporates a nine stage low pressure compressor
including a three stage fan driven by a three stage low pressure
turbine; and a 7 stage axial flow high pressure compressor
driven by a single stage high pressure turbine.
 SPECIFICATIONS:TF30

Development of TF30P414 was initiated in March 1969.

TF30P414A was placed in service in October 1982.
929 TF30P414s were converted to P414As with
conversion kits; conversion completed November 1987.
269 P414As were purchased.
Max Design Pressure Ratio, SLS :Fan: 2.14 to 1 Overall:
19.8 to 1
Bypass airflow ratio: 0.878 to 1
Max rated airflow: 242.0 lbs/s
F110-GE-400 Mixed Flow Turbofan Engine
 Details of F110-GE 400
The F110GE400 engine is a mixed flow, dual spool afterburning
low by pass turbofan designed and manufactured by General Electric
Aircraft Engines in Lynn, Massachusetts.
The engine is of modular construction, consisting of six engine
modules, and an accessories gearbox.
The engine incorporates a 3stage fan driven by a two stage low
pressure turbine; and a 9stage axial flow high pressure compressor
driven by a single stage high pressure turbine.
To moderate engine performance at various power levels the engine
features a variable geometry system.
The combustor is a through flow annular type.
The hinged flap cam linked exhaust nozzle is hydraulically actuated.
The engine mounted accessory gearbox provides the necessary
extracted power needed to drive the accessories.
The engine control system regulates speeds, temperature levels and
fuel flow for afterburning and non after burning operation.
The lubrication and ignition system are self contained on the engine.
Development was initiated April 1984 and engine was placed in
service in late 1986
 SPECIFICATIONS:F110-GE - 400

Max Design Pressure Ratio, SLS:Fan:3.2 to 1

Overall: 29.9 to 1
Airflow Capacity: Max rated airflow:
270.0 lbs/s