DESIGN OF MACHINE

FOUNDATION
Date : 27-10-2016
Type of machines
2

Machines producing periodical

Machines producing impact
forces: reciprocating engines
forces: forging hammers and
such as compressors, diesel
presses
engines
Type of machines
3

High speed machinery: Turbines

Other miscellaneous machines
and rotary compressors
Type of machine foundations
4

Block type foundation Block type foundation

Wall type foundation Frame type foundation

Classification of machines based on frequency
5

Low to medium Medium to high Very high

Type
frequency frequency frequency

Operating
0-300 rpm 300-1000 rpm > 1000 rpm
frequency

Large Medium sized Internal

reciprocating reciprocating combustion
Examples of
engines, engines such as engines, electric
machines
compressors, diesel and gas motors, turbo
blowers etc. engines generators etc
Isolation
Block
pads/springs
Preferable foundations
Block below
type of resting on
foundation machines,
foundation springs or
framed
elastic pads
foundations
Requirements of machine foundation
6

Carry intended load without causing shear or crushing failure

Settlement should be within permissible limits

CG of machine, foundation and base shall be in same vertical line

No resonance should occur

Amplitude of vibration should be within permissible limits

Ground water level shall be as low as possible

Requirements of machine foundation
7

Foundation shall be separated from adjacent structure

Any steam, hot air pipe shall be well insulated

Foundation must be protected from machine oil

Machine foundation level shall be below foundation level of adjacent

structure
Dynamic forces induced in IC
engines
8

Loads vary with time according to sine

or cosine law

Primary Secondary

Multi cylinder
Counter balancing
engines
Dynamic forces induced for
turbines, TG
9
Permissible amplitude of vibration
10

Limits proposed by Barken

Limits proposed by Richarts

SDOF Free vibration
11

Critical damping
SDOF Forced vibration (Crank)
12

Magnification
factor
SDOF Forced vibration (Turbine,
TG)
13
SDOF Summary
14

Application : Design of block foundation for reciprocating

machines
Two DOF Un-damped free
vibrations
15

Application : Design of hammer foundation

Two DOF Un-damped free
vibrations
16
Two DOF Un-damped forced
vibrations
17

Case 1: Exciting force acting on mass m2

Application : Design of block foundation with

reciprocating machines with isolators
Two DOF Un-damped forced
vibrations
18

Case 2: Exciting force acting on mass m1

Application : Design of un-damped vibration neutralizer

Two DOF Damped forced
vibrations
19

Case 2: Exciting force acting on mass m1

Application : Design of auxiliary mass vibration

dampers
Design parameters
20

Geometric properties
Centre
Moment
Mass
Effective
Damping
moment
ofof
stiffness
gravity
inertia
of inertia
of base support

Physical properties
Geometric properties
21

Centre of gravity
Let machine foundation comprise of number of segmental masses mi
CG of segmental mass (xi, yi, zi)
CG of machine foundation
Geometric properties
22

Moment of inertia of base area

Uniformly supported foundation base

Point supported foundation base

Geometric properties
23

Moment of inertia of base area

Uniformly supported foundation base

Point supported foundation base

Geometric properties
24

Mass moment of inertia

Mass moment of inertia of parallel axis at a distance S is given by

 Physical properties
25

Soil parameters
llowing soil parameters are required o be evaluated for design of machine found
 Physical properties
26

Soil parameters
ar wave velocity can be computed experimentally
ed on shear wave velocity elastic modulus and shear modulus can be calculated

Following values of Poissons ratio may be used:

Clay 0.5
Sand 0.3 to 0.35
Rock 0.15 to 0.25
Evaluation of spring stiffness of
support
27

ElasticSprings
Soil
Steel
Piles Pads
Evaluation of spring stiffness of
support
28

Soil

Elastic Pads
Evaluation of spring stiffness of
support
29

Steel springs
D Diameter of spring coil
d Diameter of spring wire
n Number of windings
h Height of spring coil
G Shear modulus of spring material (For steel G = 8 x 106 T/m2
Evaluation of spring stiffness of
support
30

Steel springs
Evaluation of spring stiffness of
support
31

Piles
Vertical stiffness
End bearing piles

Friction Piles
Evaluation of spring stiffness of
support
32

Piles
Horizontal stiffness

Rotary stiffness

Torsional stiffness
Modes of vibration of block
foundation
33
 Modes of vibration of block
foundation
34

n CG of Machine, machine foundation and CG of base lies in same vertical line th

rtical mode is uncoupled
ding and rocking modes are coupled
sting (Yawning) mode is uncoupled

Frequencies and amplitude of vibration

Vertical translation:
 Modes of vibration of block
foundation
35

requencies and amplitude of vibration

Sliding and rocking
 Modes of vibration of block
foundation
36

requencies and amplitude of vibration

Yawning of twisting mode of vibration:
Design steps
37

Design Data
 Forces acting on foundation
38

Forces acting on foundation

Induced forces multiplied by a fatigue factor
Inertial forces
Dynamic forces

Induced forces multiplied by a fatigue factor

Forces acting on foundation
39

Inertial forces and dynamic forces

Distribution of inertial forces
40

When natural frequency of

foundation is considerably higher
than operating frequency then
inertial forces will be very less
If natural frequency of foundation is
less than operating frequency then
inertial forces will be significant
Numerical example
41
Numerical example
42

p 1: Find CG of base and CG of block and mass moment of inertia

Numerical example
43

Step 1 - Summary
 Numerical example
44

Step 1 Summary

Moment of inertia of base area

ss Moment of inertia of whole system about Y axis passing through CG of system

Numerical example
45

Step 1 Summary

Mass Moment of inertia of whole system about Y axis passing

through CG of base
Numerical example
46

Step 2 Calculation of frequencies and amplitude

Limiting frequency
Numerical example
47

Step 2 Calculation of frequencies and amplitude

Natural frequency
Numerical example
48

Step 2 Calculation of frequencies and amplitude

Amplitude
Numerical example
49

Step 3 Calculation of Dynamic force and moment

Dynamic force

Bearing pressure
Numerical example
50

Step 4 Structural design

Static force

Dynamic force
Exiting moment = Applied moment x fatigue factor

Pressure distribution because of dynamic moment

Numerical example
51

Step 4 Structural design

Inertial forces can be neglected
Net dynamic moment
Numerical example
52

Step 4 Structural design

Net design moment

Calculate and provide reinforcement as per moments above