contraction. It is a general slowdown in economic activity. Recession loomed over United States Recessions generally occur when there is a widespread drop in spending (an adverse demand shock). This may be triggered by various events, such as a financial crisis, an external trade shock Governments usually respond to recessions by adopting expansionary macroeconomic policies, such as increasing money supply, increasing government spending and decreasing taxatio n . Macroeconomic indicators such as GDP (gross domestic product), investment spending, capacity utilization, household income, business profits, and inflation fall, while bankruptcies and the unemployment rate rise. Investors spend less as they are fear stock value will fall and thus stock market fall on negative A recession has many attributes that can occur simultaneously and includes declines in component measures of economic activity (GDP) such as consumption, investment, government spending, and net export activity These summary measures reflect underlying drivers such as employment levels and skills, household savings rates, corporate investment decisions, interest rates, demographics, and government policies. A severe (GDP down by 10%) or prolonged (three or four years) recession is referred to as aneconomic depression , although some argue that their causes and cures can be different. As an informal short hand, economists sometimes refer to differentrecession shapes, such as V-shaped,U-shaped,L-shapedandW-shapedrecessions. Consumer confidence is one measure used to evaluate economic sentiment. TYPE OF RECESSION OR SHAPE
The type and shape of recessions are distinctive.
In the US, V-shaped, or short-and-sharp contractions followed by rapid and sustained recovery, occurred in 1954 and 199091 U-shaped (prolonged slump) in 197475, and W-shaped, or double-dip recessionsin 1949 and 198082. Korea, Hong Kong and South-east Asia experienced U- shaped recessions in 199798, although Thailands eight consecutive quarters of decline should be termed L-shaped Japans 199394 recession was U-shaped and its 8-out- of-9 quarters of contraction in 199799 can be described as L-shaped PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECTS
Recessions have psychological and confidence aspects.
For example, if companies expect economic activity to slow, they may reduce employment levels and save money rather than invest. Such expectations can create a self-reinforcing downward cycle, bringing about or worsening a recession WHAT CAUSES RECESSION?
Many factors contribute to an economy's fall into a
recession, but the major cause isinflation. Inflation refers to a general rise in the prices of goods and services over a period of time. Inflation can happen for reasons as varied as increased production costs, higher energy costs and national debt. In an inflationary environment, people tend to cut out leisure spending, reduce overall spending and begin to save more. But as individuals and businesses curtail expenditures in an effort to trim costs, this causes GDP to decline. Unemployment rates rise because companies lay off workers to cut costs. It is these combined factors that cause the economy to fall into a recession. This lead to a decreased demand for goods and services IMPACT OF RECESSION IN INDIA 1. Reduced liquidity in the Indian economy 2. Reduced industrial output 3. Reduced job opportunities 4. Stock Market is lingering in the bottom 5. Real estate market has started to take a beating 6. Inflation has increased 7. GDP has come down and the GPD forecast for the next two quarters are only average. 8. Change in consumer behaviors and purchasing power. CAUSES OF RECESSION Currency Crisis Energy Crisis War Under Consumption Over Production Price Of Fuels AFFECTS OF RECESSION ON INDIAN BUSINESS The sectors least affected directly by the slowdown are Pharmaceuticals , Oil and Gas, FMCG, Media & Entertainment Those which feel a moderate impact of the global crisis are Power, Automobiles, Retail, Hospitality and Tourism The sectors most severely affected are Banks, Financial Services, Real Estate, Infrastructure and Information Technology MAJOR SECTORS AFFECTED BY RECESSION Indian Stock Market IT and BPO Banking Real Estate Aviation Textile Automobile Hospitality EFFECT OF RECESSION ON DIFFERENT SECTORS OF THE COUNTRY #SHARE MARKET
Most people have sold the shares
Foreign investors have pulled out from stock market The Indian stock market also crashed due to the slowdown in the U.S economy People choose saving money rather than investing them in stock market #INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY INDUSTRY
Recruitment by IT Companies at IIT
Kanpur has gone down from 130 students in 2007 and 72 in 2008 IT Companies are predicted a drop in 15% in growth from 30% in BPO Sector Indias outsourcing industry slowed down #REAL ESTATE SECTOR One of the casualties during this time was real estate, building projects were half done all over the countries and in this tight liquidity developers find it difficult to raise finance The demand for houses had reduced significantly and the property price across India has registered 15-20% fall #INDUSTRIAL SECTOR Govt and other private companies are reluctant in starting new ventures and starting new projects Project were half way to complete or companies got stuck with cash flow were unable to reach beak even, and were running out of cash As very less new production were taking place this lead to loss of export details and created unemployment #BANKING SECTOR As companies were in loss many banks suffered crisis in recovering loans which in turn had an adverse effect on economy and also created liquidity crunch Central banks have worked to improve liquidity but were charging higher credit. The interest rates have drastically increased from 11.5% to nearly about 16% Banks act as important players in the AUTOMOBILE INDUSTRY
India is the worlds largest two wheeler manufacturer.
India is the worlds second largest tractor manufacturer. India has the fourth largest car market in Asia. India has the worlds largest three wheeler market. India is the fourth largest Automobile exporter in the world EFFECT ON AUTOMOBILE INDUSTRY
TATA MOTORS MARUTI SUZUKI MAHINDRA &MAHINDRA EFFECT OF RECESSION
Uncertain exchange rate and a sudden increase in
dollar value against Indian Rupee Delayed Payments from the OEMs (Original Equipment Manufacturer) Alloy and Steel prices have also not shown any reduction in their prices EXPORT Due to decreasing $ rate against Indian rupees exporters were earning less The exporters increase their prices so as to receive the same income in rupees as they did before, the demand of their commodities felt and lead to greater losses. This lead to an adverse effect on Indias IMPORT India imports generally Petroleum products, capital goods, fertilizers, chemicals, pulp and uncut stones. The importers in the case of a stronger rupee now had to pay more for the same commodity as the exporters increased the price for the same . Thus it also lead to hike in price and fall in CORRECTIVE STEPS TAKEN TO CHECK RECESSION RBI needed to neutralize the outflow of FII money by unwinding the market In the IT sector, there should be correction in salary offerings rather than job cutting. Public should spend wisely and save more. Taxes include excise duty and custom duty should be reduced to lighten the adverse effect of economic crunch on various industries In real estate the builders should drop prices, so as to bring buyers back into the market CURRENT ECONOMIC SCENARIO - IMPACT OF RECESSION IN INDIA Recession has grabbed almost all the organization of the world. Several people have lost jobs facing financial problems. Government doing best to come out of the problem. Banks are providing business loans at low rate. Government providing money packages to organizations. Organizations are cutting cost to stand in the market. RBI has decreased the rate of interest. The real estate was doing good business But now a days the condition of real estate is still worse THANKS