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Frame Relay
Introducing Frame Relay
Virtual circuit (VC): Connection through the Frame Relay network between
two DTEs.
Data Link Channel Identifier (DLCI): used to identify the various virtual
circuits on a single access line.
Frame Relay terminology
Frame Relay terminology
Frame Relay stack layered support
Frame Relay bandwidth and flow control
Bandwidth Utilization
Individual CIRs are normally less than the port speed. However, the sum of
the CIRs will normally be greater than the port speed.
Excess Information Rate (EIR): the difference between the CIR and the
maximum.
Frame Relay bandwidth and flow control
The Forward ECN (FECN) bit is set on every frame that the switch
receives on the congested link.
The Backward ECN (BECN) bit is set on every frame that the switch
places onto the congested link.
Frame Relay bandwidth and flow control
Frame Relay LMI
LMI status messages combined with Inverse ARP messages allow a router to
associate network layer and data link layer addresses.
Procedure:
When a router that is connected to a Frame Relay network is started, it sends
an LMI status inquiry message to the network.
The network replies with an LMI status message containing details of every
VC configured on the access link.
If the router needs to map the VCs to network layer addresses, it will send an
Inverse ARP message on each VC.
The Inverse ARP message includes the network layer address of the router,
so the remote DTE, or router, can also perform the mapping.
If several network layer protocols are supported on the link, Inverse ARP
messages will be sent for each.
Inverse ARP and LMI operation
Configuring basic Frame Relay
Frame Relay is configured on a serial interface and the default encapsulation type is
the Cisco proprietary version of HDLC.
To change the encapsulation to Frame Relay use the encapsulation frame-relay
[cisco | ietf] command.
Configuring a static Frame Relay map
Reachability issues with routing updates in NBMA
Frame Relay network provides non-broadcast multi-access (NBMA) connectivity
between remote sites.
The physical topology consists of multiple PVCs.
Problems:
Reachability issues regarding routing updates: Split Horizon.
The need to replicate broadcasts on each PVC when a physical interface contains
more than one PVC.
Solution:
Configure the hub router with logically assigned interfaces: subinterfaces.
In split-horizon routing environments, routing updates received on one subinterface
can be sent out another subinterface.
In a subinterface configuration, each virtual circuit can be configured as a point-to-
point connection.
This allows each subinterface to act similarly to a leased line.
Reachability issues with routing updates in NBMA
Reachability issues with routing updates in NBMA
Frame Relay subinterfaces
Configuring Frame Relay subinterfaces
Verifying the Frame Relay configuration
Verifying the Frame Relay configuration
Verifying the Frame Relay configuration
Verifying the Frame Relay configuration