of the use of proper technique for moving, transporting, storing or distributing materials with or without the help of mechanical appliances Because of various complexities in the construction processes, management must be acquainted with various material handling devices so that unit cost of construction can be cut down Construction Materials Handling
All materials handling activities must
be simplified and must be fully safe, preventing any accidents. Also materials movement planning must be economical in terms of time and labor. Storage and Inventory Management It is very essential to keep a close watch on the supplies of various materials ordered to ensure the smooth progress of the project works and to eliminate any chances of wastage and pilferage. The objective of controlling and monitoring is facilitated through scheduling of material requirement As per the schedule of the project a material calendar/material schedule indicating the quantities of various materials required date wise. The actual delivery date of material is compared with the proposed delivery date. If the actual date is ahead of the proposed date, it is acceptable but long storage must be avoided. Storage and Inventory Management If the actual date matches with the proposed date, it is the ideal procurement management. When the actual date is behind the schedule, this will delay the completion time When actual consumption is more than the supplies, reasons may be overconsumption, wastage or pilferage of materials. Timely corrective action is required When actual consumption is less than the supplies, it indicates the wrong estimation of the quantities. Store management Objective of store management i. Minimum utilization of the space for storage ii. Easy handling during the process of receipt, inspection, storage and issue and to insure undisturbed flow iii. Preservation of stores against spillage, breakage, deterioration and theft Iv. proper maintenance of store accounts to have control over receipts and issues and to fix accountability of any deficiency. Store management During managing a store, the following are key points to note: receiving materials, goods and equipments and checking them for identification proper recording to receipts of goods Placement of right materials at right place Maintenance of stocks safely and in good condition issues of items to the users only on the receipt of authorized store requisitions Recording and updating receipts and issue of materials Making sure that stores are kept clean and in good order Preventing unauthorized persons from entering the store Planning of storage space (optimum utilization of space) by ensuring economy and efficiency Storing of civil engineering materials The civil engineering materials should not be affected by impurities or by atmospheric agencies like the sun, wind, rain or moisture. Hence materials like cement, lime must be stored in covered sheds and stacked in timber raised platforms Reinforcing steel should be stacked away from moisture to prevent rusting and also away from oils, lubricants. For easy handling each type of bar should be stacked separately. Timber is generally affected by sun and also by poor ventilation. Hence they must be stacked in a well ventilated shady space similar lengths should be stacked together Each type and size of coarse and fine aggregate must be stacked separately on hard and clean surface Storing of civil engineering materials
Bricks, tiles and concrete/stone blocks are stacked at
ground level limiting the height of stacking from 1 to 2 meters Door/window frames and framed panels are to be stacked vertically and fully supported Water supply pipes and drain pipes are to be stacked on timber platforms raising them clear off grounds Sheet glass being extremely fragile should be stacked vertically with an inclination of 30 to 60 on hard bed. Highly inflammable materials should be stacked separately from other combustible materials and in a place protected from fire hazards. Smoking should be strictly prohibited in such areas. Storing of civil engineering materials
Explosive materials should be
stacked away from combustible and other materials in safest place . They should be kept under lock and key and all statutory warnings must be taken. Planning materials Inventory
The term Inventory implies the cost of materials
in stock at a given time. This stock of materials is held to act as a cushion between supply and demand. The monetary value of inventory indicates the extent of investment required to maintain minimum stock of materials for smooth running of the project.
Higher inventory implies higher investment, and
less inventory carries the risk of supplies falling behind demand. A balanced inventory act as a cushion between supply and site requirement till supplies are received. This include predetermined safety stock to cater for slippages in delivery schedules. It is therefore, necessary to hold a planned stock of construction materials at the project site to ensure a timely supply of the expected quantity of Costs of inventory The effective management of inventory involves a tradeoff between having too little and also too much inventory. Inventory costs: i. Ordering Costs: requisitioning, preparation of purchase order, expediting, transport and receiving and placing in storage, set-up costs ii. Carrying Costs: interest on capital locked up in inventory, storage and handling costs, insurance, depreciation, and property taxes. iii. Shortage Costs: arise when inventories are short of requirement for meeting the needs of production or the demand of customers. Loss of sales, loss of customer goodwill, disruption of production schedules. Inventory Management Minimizing Costs
The goal of effective inventory
management is to minimize the total costs that are associated with ordering and holding inventories.
Choose the level of inventory with the
lowest total cost after estimating the different expenses with varying inventory levels. Question s?
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