What is a sentence?

A sentence is a group of words that has a

subject and a predicate and expresses a
complete thought.
The subject of the sentence may consist
of only one word or a word with modifiers
(kata keterangan), and the predicate
contains a verb alone or with modifiers.
Whether short or long, a sentence
must have a subject and a verb and
express a complete idea
Type of sentences
Command (Perintah) : Go!
Statement (Berita) : Mother is going to the
market.
Question (Tanya) : Are you going to Bali?
Exclamation (Seru) : Good morning!

! = exclamation mark
. = full stop
? = question mark
SIMPLE SENTENCE
Subject Verb Object Adverb/Adj.
Complement
S V O A C
S V : I cried.
S V A : He went to Solo.
S V C : I am a student.
S V O : He sent a card.
S V Oi / Od : Ali sent me a card / Ali sent a
card to me.
S V O C : He made me rich.
S V O A : Rita saw him last night.
 Observe the subject and the
verb!
Examples :
Nowadays prices of basic commodities are
increasing.
His knowledge is beneficial to mankind
Farmers work.
Exercises :
The poor farmers from Gunung Kidul work very hard.
Rivers and waterfalls are forces of nature.
I am going to study industrial engineering at UPN.
The population of Indonesia consists of 55% farmers.
Many people are waiting in line to buy fertilizer.
Mungbean has a high protein content.
 WRITING ACTIVITY
Learning to write in a new language is not always
easy. It is challenging, but it can also be fun.
The easiest way to begin writing is to write about
things you know well. That often means writing
about yourself.

WRITING ABOUT YOURSELF

Exercise: Complete each of the following
sentences.

My name is . . I am years old. I

am from . . I am a . I like ..
WRITING ACTIVITY
WRITING ABOUT PEOPLE (Write a description)
List the questions. Examples: Describe your friend!
What does he/she look like? (tall, fat, black hair,
etc.)
What is he/she wearing?
How is his/her character? (friendly, cheerful, etc.)
(think of more questions)
List all the answers in full sentences.
Decide which order your descriptions will be written
in a paragraph. (Paragraph planning)
Write down your description in another way.
Compare those two paragraphs.
Which one do you prefer?
WRITING ACTIVITY
WRITING ABOUT DAILY ACTIVITIES
Here is the description of a typical day in the life of a man
named Roberto Trevino. List the sentences below in time
order and make a paragraph about his daily activities.
1. He teaches his class from 8.30 to 3.30
2. First of all, Roberto gets up at seven oclock every
morning.
3. Roberto is exhausted when he gets into bed at midnight.
4. He always takes the 7.45 a.m. train to the elementary
school where he works.
5. At six oclock he eats dinner and gets ready for his night
job.
6. Then he takes the 4.00 p.m. train back home.
7. He plays the saxophone from 8.00 to 11.00 p.m.
8. After dinner Roberto drives to a jazz club where he plays
in a band.
 Time order
When you write a paragraph about daily activities,
you should put your sentences in time order.
To show time relationships, you will need to use
signal words. These words help guide your reader
from one idea to the next. Some common signal
words: first, second, next, then, finally, etc.
Exercises:
Writing about your daily activities. Complete the
following sentence and use it as the first sentence of
your paragraph:
During the week, my days are very (busy/boring/
interesting/relaxing). I wake up at ..
. .. (make 6-8 sentences)
WRITING ABOUT PLACES:
Writes a short paragraph giving a description of
this picture.