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Sentence Structure

Sentence Types
Sentence Structure

Sentence Types
Sentence Types

Simple
Compound
Complex
Basic Elements
of
Every Sentence

SUBJECT PREDICATE
Basic Elements

SUBJECT PREDICATE

Mary playstennis.
SIMPLE SENTENCE
SUBJECT PREDICATE

Mary playstennis.

one subject one predicate


Simple Sentence

TomandMary playtennis.

Compound Subject

&
Simple Sentence

TomandMary playtennisandswim.

Compound Subject Compound Predicate

& &
SIMPLE SENTENCE
with compound subject

Tom and Mary play tennis.


SIMPLE SENTENCE
with compound subject
and
compound predicate

Tom and Mary play tennis and swim.


Hi,
ImPunctuationPete!
SIMPLE SENTENCE
with compound subject
and
compound predicate

Tom and Mary play tennis and swim.

Nocommabeforeand
incompound
subjectsandpredicates!
Compound Sentence with
Coordinating Conjunctions
SUBJECT PREDICATE

and

SUBJECT PREDICATE
Compound Sentence
Tom swims,

and

Mary playstennis.
COMPOUND SENTENCE:
COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS

FOR
AND
NOR
BUT
OR
YET
SO
COMPOUND SENTENCE:
COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS

Tom swims, and Mary plays tennis.

Clause 1 Clause 2
Independent Independent
COMPOUND SENTENCE:
COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS

Tom swims, and Mary plays tennis.

Commabeforeand
incompound
sentences!
COMPOUND SENTENCE:
CONJUNCTIVE ADVERBS

MOREOVER
HOWEVER
OTHERWISE
THEREFORE
COMPOUND SENTENCE:
CONJUNCTIVE ADVERBS

Bob is handsome; moreover, he is rich.

Clause 1 Clause 2
Independent Independent
COMPOUND SENTENCE:
CONJUNCTIVE ADVERBS

Bob is handsome; moreover, he is rich.

Note:Semicolonbeforeconjunctive
adverbandcommaafterconjunctiveadverb!
Conjunctive Adverbs float

Conjunctive adverbs are


sometimes called floating
adverbs because they can be
positioned at the beginning, in the
middle, or at the end of a clause.
CONJUNCTIVE ADVERB:
AT THE BEGINNING

Bob is handsome; moreover, he is rich.


CONJUNCTIVE ADVERB:
IN THE MIDDLE

Bob is handsome; he is, moreover, rich.


CONJUNCTIVE ADVERB:
IN THE MIDDLE

Bob is handsome; he is, moreover, rich.

Note:Placecommasbeforeand
afteraconjunctiveadverb
inthemiddle!
CONJUNCTIVE ADVERB:
AT THE END

Bob is handsome; he is rich, moreover.


CONJUNCTIVE ADVERB:
AT THE END

Bob is handsome; he is rich, moreover.

Note:Placeacommabefore
aconjunctiveadverb
attheend!
Semicolons

If the relation between the ideas


expressed in the main clauses is
very close and obvious without a
conjunction, you can separate the
clauses with a semicolon (Little,
Brown Handbook, 9th Edition, p.
361).
COMPOUND SENTENCE:
SEMICOLON

Matt has benefited from his exercise


program; he is slim and energetic.
Complex Sentence

SUBJECT PREDICATE

eventhough

SUBJECT PREDICATE
Complex Sentence

Bob ispopular

eventhough

he isugly.
COMPLEX SENTENCE:
SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS

EVEN THOUGH
WHEN
BECAUSE
ADVERB CLAUSES
UNLESS
WHEREAS
COMPLEX SENTENCE:
SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS

Bob is popular even though he is ugly.

Clause 1 Clause 2
Independent Dependent
COMPLEX SENTENCE:
SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS

Even though Bob is ugly, he is popular.

Clause 1 Clause 2
Dependent Independent
COMPLEX SENTENCE:
SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS

Bob is popular even though he is ugly.

WhentheMAINclauseisfirst,
itisusuallyNOT
followedbyacomma!
COMPLEX SENTENCE:
SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS

Even though Bob is ugly, he is popular.

WhentheADVERBclauseisfirst,
itisfollowedbyacomma!
Compound-Complex Sentence

Mike ispopular

because

he isgoodlooking,

but

he isnotveryhappy.
COMPOUND-COMPLEX SENTENCE:
COMBINES BOTH TYPES

Mike is popular because he is good


looking, but he is not very happy.

Punctuateeachclause
accordingtoitsrules!
Punctuation
Review!
SIMPLE SENTENCE

My friends and I play tennis and go bowling


every weekend.

Nocommasbeforeandin
compoundsubjectsandpredicates!
COMPOUND SENTENCE:
Coordinating Conjunction

Men may exercise harder, but they may not


exercise as regularly as women do.

Commabeforecoordinating
conjunction!
COMPOUND SENTENCE:
Conjunctive Adverb

Native and nonnative English speakers have


different needs; however, some schools fail to
distinguish between these groups.

Semicolonbeforeconjunctive
adverb
Commaafterconjunctive
adverb!
COMPOUND SENTENCE:
Conjunctive Adverb--in the middle

Native and nonnative English speakers have


different needs; some schools, however, fail to
distinguish between these groups.

Semicolonafterfirst
independentclause

Commasbeforeandafterconjunctive
adverb!
COMPOUND SENTENCE:
Conjunctive Adverb at the end

Native and nonnative English speakers have


different needs; some schools fail to distinguish
between these groups, however.

Semicolonafterfirst
independentclause

Commabeforeconjunctive
adverb!
COMPLEX SENTENCE:
Adverb Clauses--Subordinating
Conjunction

People had continuous moderate


exercise when they had to hunt for food.

Whenmainclauseisfirst,
itisnotusuallyfollowedbyacomma!
COMPLEX SENTENCE:
Adverb Clauses--Subordinating
Conjunction

When people had to hunt for food, they had


continuous moderate exercise.

Whentheadverbclauseisfirst,
itisfollowedbyacomma!
References
WritingAcademicEnglish,SecondEdition,byAlice
OshimaandAnnHogue.WhitePlains:Addison,
Wesley,Longman,1999.
TheLittle,BrownHandbook,byH.RamseyFowlerand
JaneE.Aaron,Pearson,2004.

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