Simulation and modeling of smarter

large power grids

Omar Saad,
Researcher
IREQ/Hydro-Qubec

ADVANCED
ENERGY 2012
30-31 Octobre 2012, New York, NY, USA
 Modern (Future) power systems

> Increasingly complex transmission and

distribution systems
> Evolution and upgrading of existing systems
allowing to increase the penetration of renewable
energies and to elevate security and flexibility
levels
> Delivery of greener power
> Large scale integration of renewable generation
> Central and distributed generators, microgrids
> Proliferation of HVDC systems
> Smart Grids
Huge needs in information and data for the operation
and planning of power systems

2 Groupe Technologie
 Large scale integration of renewable
generation

> Deployment of intelligent controls,

computer applications and
communications
> Smart technologies for the
interconnection of renewable energy
generators in wide geographic areas
> Management of distributed resources
> Power electronics application for:
control and variability
> Sophistication of analysis methods
3 Groupe Technologie
 Trends and challenges

> Simulation and analysis of super large networks with

wideband models
Electromagnetic and electromechanical transients
> Simulation of super distribution grids (Smart network)
> Challenges
Data and data portability between power system applications
Visualization and analysis of huge systems
Parallel computations
Real-time computations
Online analysis
Unification of simulation methods and environments
Multi-domain simulations

4 Groupe Technologie
 Simulation of very large systems:
Hydro-Qubec Network in EMTP-RV

-pss1a
-exst1
AVR
(pu)
churchill_A1aA11

SM

LF
?m
LF
laforge1_A11aA16

-pss1a
-exst1
AVR
(pu)
L3170_L3171 AVR
?m (pu)

+
SM
[R,L] +

U1pu
-expci1

hartjaune
-pss2a

lagrande4_A1aA9

I1
LF 39MVAR
expci1 partiel

-
421MW
2

?m
L3166_L3167 1

hartjaune
SM

LF
+ 3 gr
330 MX

+
322.03/_79.2
LF

-pss1a

-pss1a
-exst1

-exst1

1M
AVR

AVR
Rglage Planificateur

(pu)

(pu)
brisay_A1A2

LF
L3172_L3173 +
AVR
expci1 partiel
L3168_L3169 ?m
-expci1

-pss1a
(pu)
-pss2a

-exst1
CP CP + CP 3 2

2
+
AVR

AVR
+ +
(pu)

(pu)
SM

lagrande3_A1aA12
326.63/_86.5

LF

U1pu
1M -expci1

lagrande3_A1aA12
83.4 107.07 54.9 1
-pss2a

+
I1
laforge2_A1A2

+
expci1 partiel

-
AVR churchill_b760

?m
lagrande2_A1aA16

765/315/12.5
165 MX ?m (pu) 2
3 2 SM 738.42/_57.9

lagrande3_A1aA12
SM

SM

2
2 -exst1 Rglage Planificateur
lagrande1_A1aA12
LF

LF

+
1 1

LF
735/13.8 -pss1a

+
LF

U1pu
1

?m

SM

I1
SM

L1695

CP +

-
LF
tilly_b724 laforge2_A1A2
?m

?m

+
L7054

LF
0
768.86/_63.5

U1pu
1100 lines
+

I1
+ CP

L7053
U1pu

L7052
+

+
-
+

I1

U1pu

U1pu
1
U1pu

tilly_L7055
-

I1

I1

L7051
CP
I1

CP
L7056

-
2
lagrande1_T21T27
-

CP
LF

230.1
+ [R,L] 330 MX + CP

735/13.8

735/13.8
1 2 2
17MW LF 120.6
1

3MVAR L7055
L1498 1 1

+
2 2

+
lemoyne_b723

+
+ CP

+
CXC53
L3162_L3163
1 767.32/_58.5 1
[R,L] +

CXC52
763.82/_60.1

CXC51
lagrande2_b749 L7060

L3039
+

CP +
CP +
755.52/_60.3 155.3
L7057

296 3-ph transformers

+ ZnO

+ ZnO
radisson_b1020 +

+ ZnO
CP
+

L7088

+
104.3

L7059
L7089

+
L3152_L3153

330 MX

+ [R,L]
2 3
-

+ [R,L]
U1pu
I1

CP
1
CP

273.6
Planificateur
+

expci1 partiel
+

radisson_b720

-expci1
montagnais_b710

-pss1a
AVR
(pu)
2162MW

+
748.11/_49.6
LF

+
0

eastman_A1aA3
stemarguerite3_A1A2
LF

330 MX AVR 990 MX

+

-2000 MW du RNCC (pu) ?m

LF
532 loads
radissonslack SM
-1/1E15/0

-exst1

SM

-pss2a
1
+

L7032
2 3

L7031
?m

L7033
L7061

L7069_7070
LF

CP
CP
+

L7063

L7062

CP2

CP
radisson_b320

217.7

219.9
CP

315/13.8
1M 2

+
stemarguerite3_T1T2

+
261.0
CP

CP

+
2
+
manic5_A1aA8
262.3

AVR 1
1m ?m
+

(pu)
SM

c
a
b

a
b
-exst1
L3115_L3116 arnaud_b309
+

-pss1a

7 SVC
CP +
L3176_3177

manic5PA_A1aA4 LF LF

2

70.46
AVR

5.90000E+01
?m 1
(pu) LF manic5_b41
SM

CXC31
CP

2006 -exst1 3 2
-pss1a
+

LF

+ ZnO
I1 arnaud_b1609

+
toulnustouc_A1A2 KG=1
CXC63

1M
+
U1pu
toulnustouc_b476 AVR +
LF
?m -

CXC32

CXC33
(pu)
a
b

a
b
c

SM
CXC62

CXC61

-exst1

2
1M

CXC59

CXC70

CXC69
-pss4b

+ ZnO

+ ZnO

+
L3033_L3034

L3031_L3032
2005
+ ZnO

+ ZnO

+ ZnO

+
+ ZnO

+ ZnO

+ ZnO

+
+
+

U1pu
+

+
1M

2 3

I1
CP
32 Synchronous
2 3

CP
albanel_b782 1

-
107.7

1 760.56/_46.3

nemiscau_b780 LF

+
albanelCLC

+
L3123
758.77/_45.7 LF arnaud_b709
nemiscauCLCLF outardes4_A1aA4

CXC28
2005

CP
AVR L3035_L3036 752.38/_41.1
?m

CXC29
CXC27
+ - - + (pu) + [R,L] manic3_A1aA6

55
SM
+

1
U1pu 660 MX U1pu -exst1 AVR 1320 MX
?m

+ ZnO

+ ZnO
V I1 I1 V -pss1a (pu)

+ ZnO
SM

+
CP + -exst1

+
330 MX
31.7 -pss1a
LF

2
I I T w=0.03s au lieu de 0.08s

L3027_L3028
+ [R,L] albanel_CLC

Condenser
L7079 micoua_b306

-pss1a
-exst1
AVR
(pu)
+ [R,L]
L7076_7077
CP2

235.3

manic2_A21aA28
L7078
L7027

+
L7082

L7081

L7080

SM
CP

LF
3 2 + CP
3 2
181.6
CP

CP

CP

?m
1
1

L7029
CP
L7028
251.4

CP
217.8

241.1

micoua_b706

+
99 SM
748.42/_37.7
+

171.2

+
L7011

manic2_T1aT4
CP +
2
60.2
1

+
U1pu

L3021_L3022_L3023_L3024
I1
-
manicouagan_b705
750.03/_34.2

manicouagan_T1aT4
CXC82

CXC78
1
+ ZnO

+ ZnO

+
1
CXC81
+

+ 2

-ieeex1

hauterive_b643
3 2

+ [R,L]
AVR
(pu)
CXC80

-
CXC77

CXC76
+ ZnO

U1pu
I1

+
+

bersimis1_A1aA8
+ ZnO

990 MX

+ ZnO
+

+
+ ZnO
495 MX
+
+

U1pu

bersimis2_A1aA5
L7090

-pss1a
+

-exst1

AVR
L3013_L3014

(pu)
+

+
CP +
U1pu

I1

3
[R,L] +
I1

61.8
-

1
abitibi_b713

SM
-

LF

?m
chibougamauCLC -

2
+ LF
754.73/_34.4
+

LF U1pu

SM
?m
abitibi_T61T62

LF

0.54MVAR
I1
L3150 manicouagan_b305
+

lebel_b528 chibougamau_b783 - + hauterive_b1643

4MW
1

LF
abitibi_T1aT3

LF
LF - + + CP

+
759.06/_36.0 U1pu

L3026
L3151

SM
590MW 2 1 V
U1pu I1

+ [R,L]
48MVAR

L3029_L3030
I1 + CP 3 2

L7019
2

L7004_A
CP

?m
-

+
1

chibougamau_T2T3 2
U1pu
I1

251.6
+

AVR

-pss4b
CP
3

(pu)
1M

224.2

-exst1

42.58
660 MX I

+
1

CP
+
bersimis2_b434
+

U1pu

chibougamau_b1683
chibougamauCLC 2
315.42/_33.7

I1
1M

+
+
outardes3_A1aA4 1

-
1
abitibi_CS1CS2

LF
2
bersimis1_b433 ks=1
?m

+
CP +
317.28/_33.0

U1pu
AVR

3MVAR
36 ?m

LF
91MW
SM
LF

+ [R,L]

I1
(pu)

outardes2_A1aA3
charlevoixA -exst1
SM

1
abitibi_CS1CS2

L3009 -pss4b

?m
10.5MVAR
LF
357MW
outardes3_T31aT34

SM
L7086

LF
L7094

L7092_7093

L7084_7085
AVR

-pss4b

CP
(pu)
CP2

-exst1

CP2
AVR out

in

Vct
CP

270.6

192.3
-ieeevc (s.o.)

195

KG=0 L3010
(pu)
286.6

-pss4b

420MVAR
-exst1

L7007_A

L7008_A

L7023_A
+

943MW

CXC04
+

AVR

-pss1a
(pu)
-exst1
CP +
CXC86

LF

CP
+

CP

CP
137.8
87.6

CXC19
Prigny

+ ZnO

+
+ ZnO

+
1M

+ ZnO
-
+

CXC85

CXC84

U1pu
I1

+
+
+ ZnO

+ ZnO

+
+

+
+

L3001_L3002_L3003_L3004
U1pu
I1

2 3
chamouchouaneCLC
-
CXC94

L7004_B
LF
chamouchouane_b731
+ ZnO

L3020_L3012_L3011
759.34/_30.0 saguenay_b718
+

+
+

CP
751.51/_26.2

CP
laverendrye_L7094

+ -

187.2
CXC93

CXC92

U1pu

CP
V

-
I1

+
U1pu
I1
165 MX
+
+ ZnO

+ ZnO

CXC23
L1 660 MX
+

CXC8
+
U1pu

3600Ohm
I saguenay_L7026 Bergeronnes
I1

+ ZnO

+ ZnO

+ ZnO
+

CXC7
-

2006-ajout de 19 ohms-total 44 ohms, 2300A

chamouchouane_CLC

+
CP +
P=0
117.2 Q=0
LF L7026 LF
laverendrye_b714 laurentidesCLC
+

752.87/_20.7 Phase:14

LF
-

charlevoixB
+
U1pu + -

L7007_B

L7008_B

L7023_B
330 MX
V I1 U1pu

-
V I1

U1pu
I1
CP
riviereduloup_b472

CP

CP
330 MX

242

+
laurentides_b704

+
I
749.82/_14.5

87MVAR
I

451MW
laverendrye_CLC
laurentidesCLC

LF

+ CP
44.7
-
1

U1pu
I1
charlevoixB

+
L7018 3 2

+
CP +

183.1

+
laurentides_b304

L3078_3079_3080_3071_A
L7044

1M
L7045

314.24/_8.7 CXC1_2_3_4

+
U1pu
97600uS
CP

I1
CP
182.20

-
253.670

CP +

1698MW

139.020
LF

CP
251.9
L7025
+

L7020

+
L7010

34.8
+

L3104
+ CP

+ CP
+ [R,L]
CP +

+ [R,L]

34.8
L7024 +

1M
2 3
CP +
1
26.9
L7016

jacquescartier_b717 levis_b703
748.78/_14.7 752.80/_13.5
CP

+
330 MX
246.5

grandbrule_b770 L7017
CP +
740.09/_6.4 P=0
228.8
+

Q=0
2006 LF
L7002 levis_CLC
Phase:14
1 L3069 + CP
1 + - 1
1M 3 2
+ CP + 176.8 3 2 B317_capac U1pu

+
2 3

1M
+
+ - I1
45.3 jacquescartier_b317
+

LF V +
2

+
U1pu 310.02/_5.0
U1pu

1M

L7035
1

I1
L7047

I1

lanaudiere_b1262

+
3

+
-

L7005

CP
CP

U1pu
1M

+
LF I
L3016

I1
duvernay_L7016

+
460MW
L3015 L3100_L3101 levis_CLC
1
+

U1pu
66MVAR CP +

CP
2

I1
+ CP + CP
45.90 78.4
mauricie_b488 83.9

138MVAR

-
305.45/_-1.8

110.2
L3005

768MW
LF

U1pu
I1
L3102_L3110_L3106_L3107
+

+ CP

LF
+ CP
U1pu

60

L7097

+
117.4

+
I1

jacquescartier_b317

levis_b2003
CP
-

levis_CS1CS2
76.0
m auricie_b488

SM
carignan_b730

+
742.28/_1.9 M auricie nord

?m
LF
1 trois -rivires _b2268
chenier_b715 duvernay_b702 3 2
733.88/_0.3
duvernay_T2T3T5

739.58/_1.4

AVR out

in

Vct
L7014

1M

-ieeevc (s.o.)
AVR
+

-pss4b
(pu)

(pu)
-exst1
+

-pss4b
-exst1
1 L7009
U1pu
51.90

+
CP

I1

3 2 PI
L2385_A
-

L7046
+
+

PI
chenier_T4aT6

LF

34
CP

165 MX
+

+ [R,L]
1M

1
+

2 3

165 MX
bouchervilleslack
+

+
1M LF nicolet_b707
boucherville_b701
+

748.86/_6.0 appalaches_b790
gentilly_b2100 753.88/_9.0
742.00/_-0.0
1

M auricie sud 3 2
1
1
1 2 3
1M

2 3 735/230/12.5 nicolet_b2007
2 3 +

+
1M
1M
+

XC4_boucherville
345.7 MX @ 315 KV. Fusible externe
+

+ 1M
+

Show Load-Flow Sim ulation web Start EMTP

U1pu

+ [R,L]
2006
L2375
I1

L2329

+ [R,L]
L7036

2006
-
PI

L7096
L7034
LF

CP
L7095
OFF
+

CP +

102.0
CP
Sim ulation

73.3
108 Load-Flow
L7006 View Steady-State Options

+
+

+
CP +

U1pu
132.8
B2290_capac thetford_b2290

I1

-
I/O FILES
LF 234MW
1M

LF
boundarycrt_b1025 LCD11_LCD22 46.5MVAR

+ + [R,L]
descantons_b755
LF
+

LF 749.84/_3.7
+
U1pu

2 3
-

+
1
I1

U1pu
I1

1 96 MX @ 120 KV
2 3
-

1M
+

+
+

330 MX

hertel_b708
1M

+
746.90/_-0.7
+

+
88.980

+
B2055_capac

U1pu
+

LF
1M

CP + 2 3

I1
filtre CC
massena_b818 165 MX 165 MX
1M

+
+ 1

-
L7040
+

2 3 735/120/12.5
2 3
massena_b818 1

LF
1 2003
+ chateauguay_b719
751.38/_-0.8 L7048
+

CP +
monteregie_b784 70.61
MiseEnService=2003
165 MX
748.57/_1.0
L7049
CP +

L7042 CP +
CP +
2003
46.1 70.20
93.4 L7038

5 Groupe Technologie
 EMTP model of Gaspsie system:
Integration of wind generation

EXP

EXP

EXP

EXP

EXP

EXP

EXP

EXP
1

LF

LF
2

EXP

EXP
Viger Baie-des-Sables

2
1

2
GE109.5 MW

2
REpower 25 MW

1
+ CP + CP + CP + CP

+ + + + + CP + CP + CP
REpower

+
CP CP CP CP GE
1 2

CP

CP

CP
EXP

Mont-Louis
+
+ + CP LF

+ +

GE 100.5 MW

EXP
RIMOUSKI 230/69 kV GOMON
1 2
DF DF
+

CP
+

Gros Morne

1
2

+
RIVIRE-DU-LOUP
2
1 LF GE
+
230/161/69 kV
1

EXP

2
EXP
LF
315/230/120 kV
1 2
+
2 1
LF 3
2
GE 211.5 MW

2
3 1

+
2

2
2 1

1
1
EXP GE

LF
1 2 2 1 DF

EXP
1
+
3

+
2 +

+
3
2 1

LF
230 kV
3

EXP
2
+
1 2

2
1

1
230 kV

+
+ +
CP CP 3

LF
+

+
KAM OURASKA 1 2 2 1 DF

1
3 CP2 CP2 + CP + CP +

CP

CP

CP

CP
230 kV
2 3

+
TO 735 kV 230 kV
+ CP + CP
1

LF
+
CP
ZnO CP2
CP2 CP2
RIMOUSKI 315/230 kV + CP + CP + CP + CP + CP + CP 2 1 2

+
SYSTEM 3 EXP
1

1
2

KAMOURASKA 315 kV 1
2
+ CP

CP2
+ CP + CP
CP2 CP2

NEG
CP2 CP2 CP2

NEG
CP2

CP2 3
M ICON N1 M ICON N2
3

315 kV 3

LESBOULES 750 k W 43M W 750 k W 57M W

1
2

LVIS EXP 1
CP
CP

+ M AS M AS

230/120 kV
+
+

2 1
Enerc on cage cage

CP
+

+
d'cur euil d'cur euil

2
1 2

3
735/315 kV
EXP 3

+
+
EXP + CP
2 1
St-Damase
+

NM 750/48 NM 750/48

+
Nordais-2

CP
Nordais-1

CP

+
LF
+
+

Enercon 24 MW
1 2

+
CP
CP

GE
CP

Neg Micon 57 MW
LF
1

+
+
Neg Micon 43 MW
2 1

LF

CP
+

CP
EXP

Riv ire-Sainte-Anne

+
+
2

+
+ CP
REpower

+
2 1
1 2
+

EXP

Lac Alf red

CP

CP2
EXP

Capacitiv e Div ider

LF
2 1 1 2 2 1 DF
+

1 2 +

CP
EXP

+
+

315 kV

+
315 kV REpower 325 MW

CP
LF

LF
LF
1 2 2 1 DF
+

+
St-Ulric/St-Landre
+

CP
CP

+
LF + CP
+ +
Le Plateau

LF

+
+
EXP
36 M VAR

+
2 1
2

Enerc on
CP2

GE127.5 MW

+
2

Enercon 161 MW

CP
1

2
1

1 LF
Enerc on
161 kV
CP2

Three-Winding Transf ormer

EXP

Enerc on

LF
3 1 2
Ves tas
+ +

Mont Miller
CP V 80
LF

LF

+
2 1
Wind
Two-Winding Transf ormer
1 2 + Optis lip
LF

2
1 2
+ Vent du Kempt
Vestas 54 MW

1
+

LVRT
2 1 VRCC
AG 04

EXP

+
Zigzag Grounding Transf ormer Temiscouata Enercon100 MW 1 2
+
+
Montagne-Sche

+
CP
2 1

LF
+

Enercon 25 MW GE 58.5 MW
+

Collector Sy stem For WPP Carleton SC EXP

CP

Ves tas
+

V 80

LF
+
+

2 1 2 1
Wind
CP2

Optis lip
GE 109.5 MW Mont Copper GE
LF

Load
LF EXP
+
+

LVRT 3 2 1
VRCC
GE
Vestas 54 MW
AG 04
+

CP
315 kV
1 2
+ CP
+

LF
SC Sy nchronous Condenser

+
1 1 2 2 1

LF
+ + 2 + DF
+

LF
+

+
+

CP
Enerc on

LF
1 2 2 1 DF

EXP
+

+
AC Filters
+

DC HVDC Interconnection
2
New Richmond GE

CP
+
1 + +

+
+ + +
LF
CP

LF
230 kV Enercon 66 MW

1
MATAPDIA
+

LF
+

+
3 1 2 2 1 1 2 2 1
+
1

2 + +

315 kV Lines
CP2 CP2 2 1 2
+ CP + CP DF

+
1 EXP
1

LF

LF
1 2

315/230 kV
EXP
CP2 CP2

230 kV Lines 161 kV

2

CP
3

3
3
+

230 kV Anse--Valleau

+
2

CASCAPDIA 1

1
1 2
CP

CP

161 kV Lines
1 EXP

CP

CP
+ CP2
CP

+
+ CP + CP

DC GE 100.5 MW
1

120 kV Lines 230/69 kV

3
+

2
2

1
69 kV Lines
+
3

+ CP + CP + CP

SC

EXP
+ + + + + 3
+

CP CP CP CP CP

1
34,5 kV Lines
+

MICMAC
+
+

2
+

25 kV or less Lines DC
1

1
TO NEW-BRUNSWICK 230/161 kV

EXP
+
+

EXP

EXP

EXP

EXP

EXP

EXP

EXP

AC Filters
TO NEW-BRUNSWICK

6 Groupe Technologie
 Hydro-Qubec

> Pioneered important research and development

works on advanced simulation methods for large
scale and complex power systems
> Advanced real-time simulation methods
> Advance off-line simulation methods
> Sophisticated utilization of simulation tools for
transmission and distribution network studies
> Integration of wind generation: 4 GW by 2015
Based on detailed studies of electromagnetic and
electromechanical transients
> At Hydro-Qubec (Transnergie) the frequency
range of simulation models has been constantly
increasing with increasing computer speed,
improved models and numerical performance.

7 Groupe Technologie
 Real-Time simulator

> Capability to solve power systems quickly enough to

produce outputs synchronized with the real-time clock
A second of simulation = 1 second of clock time when testing equipment
> A real-time simulator can be connected directly to power system
control and protection equipment to test the equipment under
realistic conditions
For detecting abnormal operating conditions that cannot be found through
numerical models
For super-fast contingency analysis
> Hydro-Qubec develops HYPERSIM: a real-time simulator
Develop, improve and assess new protection and control
concepts
Optimize the operation and the maintenance power systems
Decrease the time required to commission protection relays and
control systems (FACTS, HVDC, SVC, etc..)
Reproduce events that occurred in the power system by using the
actual protection and control systems

8 Groupe Technologie
 EMTP-RV

> Simulation and analysis of electromagnetic transients

> General purpose circuit analysis tool: wideband, from
steady-state to time-domain
> Detailed simulation and analysis of large scale electrical
systems
> Network analysis: network separation, power quality,
geomagnetic storm, interaction between compensation
and control components, wind generation
> Synchronous machines: SSR, auto-excitation, control
> Multiterminal HVDC systems, Power electronics
> Series compensation: MOV energy absorption, short-
circuit conditions, network interaction
> Transmission line systems: insulation coordination,
switching, design, wideband line and cable models
> Switchgear: TRV, shunt compensation, current chopping,
delayed-current zero conditions
> Protection: power oscillations, saturation problems
> Detailed transient stability analysis: more and more
> Off-line tool: May save millions in design and operation!

9 Groupe Technologie
 Simulation and Analysis

> The basis of all problems!

> Modern power grids require advanced study
and analysis methods
for power system design
operation
post-mortem analysis
> Numerical models and solution methods now
play a dominant role and contribute to all
research and development levels.
> The needs for grid simulations increase
significantly faster than the capability of
researchers to deliver models and faster
simulations methods.
10 Groupe Technologie
 Simulation and Analysis

> Simulation and modeling are essential for the evolution

and operation of modern power systems
> Can we build an electronic copy of the operated
system?
> Can we merge real-time and off-line simulation tools?
> Can we replicate analog simulator style with numerical
simulators?
> What is the highest computational speed?
> How far: wideband and size
> Can we unify simulation environments to work with
unique data sets and various analysis methods?
> Can we create portable models and data?
> Use Concurrent and multi-domain simulation methods

11 Groupe Technologie
 New trends: Cloud computing

> Applications for power systems

Generation scheduling, unit commitment
Complex optimization problems
Load-flow
Probabilistic methods
Transient stability and electromagnetic transients
Acceleration of simulations
Sensitivity analysis
Contingency analysis
> Dispatching of computing jobs into a resource pool
> Simulation services with centralized and shared data
> Increased utilization of available computing services
> Higher automation levels
Reduced human intervention
Private cloud systems
Public cloud systems
Community cloud: organizations working together

12 Groupe Technologie
 New Trends: Parallel computing
> Availability of increasing calculation capabilities
through multicore computers
> Power system simulations involve the solution of linear
sparse systems
> Traditional methods are generally sequential and use
only one CPU
> The matrices are very sparse, moderate size, coupled
and unsymmetrical
> For Load flow and steady-state studies the matrices are
coupled but the solution is performed once
> For time domain it is possible to use the natural delay of
the lines to decouple the system. Not always feasible!
> It is essential to explore new ways to increase the
speed of calculations while maintaining accuracy
> Hydro-Qubec with Ecole Polytechnique of Montreal and
RTE (France) are collaborating in an important research
project to increase the speed of calculations using the
possibilities offered by new technologies

13 Groupe Technologie
 New Trends: Collaborative computing,
Co-simulation

> Parallel computing can be done in a

collaborative approach
> Several simulation tools addressing different
aspects, telecom, control, electromechanical
and electromagnetic transients, collaborate
together to simulate the same power system
> Collaborative software environment can be
implemented through a co-simulation channel
in an indirect interaction (FMI)
> Use Federated simulation systems run-time
infrastructure (RTI) to support
interoperability (HLA)
> Scalable performance via parallel and
distributed simulation techniques
14 Groupe Technologie
 -exc. sexs
-pss ieeest
(pu)

-gov ieeeg3
AVR+Gov
SM:G1

BUS8
AVR_Gov_1
522MW

LF

or rotor speed (pu)

LF1

out

in
176MVAR

BUS9
Phase:0
Load4 LF

avr_sexs_ieeest_govG3_pu
PI

Network frequency Omega_1

+ PI

Slack: 502.4kVRMSLL/_0
PI14 +
PI15

BUS2
PI

500kV
PQb2
vab2 vbb2 vcb2

G1
1000MVA

BUS5
SM
b2vRMS

Slack:LF1
interface_b2

Ieolb2
PI10
vc

va
vb

DYg_5 PQ
+A
233.8MW

?m
?i
ia
ib

84MVAR 1 2

BUS7

BUS31
Load3 LF
Load18 LF BUS39

BUS6
9.2MW 500/0.575
PI PI
ibb2 iab2

4.6MVAR
+ PI +
PI13 PI9

PI
+

+ PI2
SW3 ?vi
PI11
20kV +
1000MVA ? 1E15|1E15|0

LF
AVR_Gov_2

Load19

20/500
PVbus:LF2

1104MW
SW5 BUS1

250MVAR
AVR+Gov ?vi
out ?m +
(pu)
-1|1E15|0 1 2 PI

BUS4
-exc. sexs SM
YgYg_np8 PI1 +
-pss ieeest G2 500MW + PI4
in
BUS25

-gov ieeeg3 184MVAR PI

PQb25
vab25 vbb25 vcb25

Ieolb25

Omega_1 LF
vc

Network frequency
va
vb

PQ
+A
322MW

BUS3
or rotor speed (pu) Load2 ?i
2.4MVAR
ia
ib

BUS11
PI
avr_sexs_ieeest_govG3_pu LF
+
P=527MW PI12 PI PI
p

PI
Interface_b25

V=20.9kVRMSLL + PI3 +
ibb25 iab25

b25vRMS

SM:G2 7.5MW PI7 PI5 +

DYg_4
LF LF 88MVAR
vab25_2

1 2

BUS12
LF2
Load5

BUS10
Phase:0 224MW
PI16
47.2MVAR
+ 500/0.575
BUS18

PI
vbb25_2

?
PI LF

500/500
PI6 +

BUS14
Load13
PQb25_2
Ieolb25_2

?vi SW4 SW2?vi

PI
vc

va
vb

PQ
vcb25_2

+A
+ +
+ 158MW

iab10
2 1 -1|1E15|0 -1|1E15|0 ?i
ia
ib

PI8 30MVAR
YgYg_np6
LF Load8
ibb25_2

ibb10
p

ib
ia
BUS16

Ieolb10
+

Load7 LF

PQb10
BUS13
BUS26

? PI30
Interface_b25_2

A+ PQ +

500/500

b10vRMS

vc
329MW

vb
va
?i DYg_3 PI
iab25_2

32.3MVAR
1E15|1E15|0

LF Load14
SW1 ?vi

2 1
PQ

2 1 BUS15 139MW
Load6
DEV2

LF SW6 ?vi
17MVAR
YgYg_np5
+
500/0.575 320MW

interface_b10
PI 1E15|1E15|0
PI 153MVAR
PI PI19 +
+
PI17 +
PI

PI18
+ PI25

SW10 PI20 SW27 Load15

BUS27

?vi + ?vi
+ + LF
PI
-1|1E15|0 -1|1E15|0
1E15|1E15|0

281MW
SW8 ?vi

?vi SW11
PI

BUS19
BUS17

75.5MVAR

vcb10 vbb10 vab10iab10_2 ibb10_2

+

PQb10_2

ib
ia
10|10.1|0
+

PI
PI31 +

Ieolb10_2
A+ PQ

vc
vb
va
?i PI22 +
-1|1E15|0
SW20 ?vi

-1|1E15|0
PI

vcb10_2
-1|1E15|0
+ PI32

PI

BUS20
Load10 LF + +
BUS21

PI
1

BUS34
YgYg_np10 274MW ?vi SW26 PI26 + ?vi SW25
BUS28

vbb10_2
PI21 +

interface_b10_2
20/500
PI

? 2 1 115MVAR
+ PI33

DYg_2
2
500/0.575

206MW
27.6MVAR

vab10_2
p
1 2 ? LF
b19vRMS

Load16 -1|1E15|0

Groupe Technologie
YgYg_np9 + PI23 +
PQ

-1|1E15|0 -1|1E15|0
500/500

PI PI ?vi SW9
BUS24

+ +
?i
+A
+

?viSW16 PI24 + ?vi SW14

PI
+ PI34

AVR_Gov_5
PQb19 Ieolb19
-1|1E15|0

Interface_b19
SW18 ?vi

AVR+Gov ia va SW7 ?vi

BUS29

LF Load9
PI

out G5 ?m 20kV avr_sexs_ieeest_govG3_pu

+ PI27

(pu) ib vb +
628MW 1000MVA
BUS35

-exc. sexs SM vc -1|1E15|0

103MVAR PVbus:LF6 Omega_1
-pss ieeest f(pu)
BUS22

in
-gov ieeeg3 20kV in AVR+Gov
SM
20/500

Network frequency Omega_1 1000MVA ? (pu)

PVbus:LF5 DFIG ?m
or rotor speed (pu) out
iab19
ibb19
vcb19
vbb19
vab19

LF9
BUS38

avr_sexs_ieeest_govG3_pu -1.8e-1 G6 AVR_Gov_6

LF5 LF6 LF
c 2 1
LF Qref LF P=830MW
YgYg_np3
GE_DFIG_mean_b19

BUS23

P=508MW V=20.8kVRMSLL
Qrefb19 P=650MW
V=20.2kVRMSLL PI SM:G9
V=20.1kVRMSLL avr_sexs_ieeest_govG3_pu
SM:G5 PI28 +
SM:G6
Application: Large-scale Case

PI Omega_1
Network frequency
PI29 + or rotor speed (pu)
308.6MW YgYg_np4
-exc. sexs
-92MVAR 2 1 in
Load12 LF -pss ieeest
SM -gov ieeeg3
283.5MW ?m AVR+Gov
out
26.9MVAR DEV1 ? (pu)
PQ G9
20/500

Load17 LF
?i?p AVR_Gov_9
BUS36

P=560MW
V=20.2kVRMSLL 247.5MW
SM:G7 84.6MVAR
LF Load11 LF
LF7
AVR_Gov_7
AVR+Gov
out G7
(pu) ?m
20/500

?
-exc. sexs SM
-pss ieeest
in
-gov ieeeg3
20kV
1 2
Network frequency Omega_1 1000MVA
YgYg_np11
or rotor speed (pu) PVbus:LF7

avr_sexs_ieeest_govG3_pu
diverse simulators (EMTP, Simulink)
Challenges

> Decoupling : Where & How ???

Delays (measurement/controlled source)
Transfer of slowly changing states: need for
filters!
Automation of decoupling!
> Diverse solution methods:
Synchronization issues (e.g. Check for
instantaneous power injected by WTG !)
> Global solution for all variables (not
only interface) & impact on validity
for all types of studies
Groupe Technologie
 Conclusions

> Research on power system simulation and

analysis tools is now facing new and major
challenges:
Simulation of extremely large networks
Very complex networks, penetration of renewables
energy
Smart Grids
> New trends and means for solving increasingly
complex problems
Parallel computations
Cloud computing
Collaborative computing
Advanced visualization methods
Data portability with CIM
> Major research and revisions are needed in
existing simulation tools

17 Groupe Technologie