REDOX

REACTION
By: Nischal Jangid
Class: 10-B
INTRODUCTION
Redox(short forreductionoxidation
reaction) is achemical reactionin which
theoxidation statesof atoms are changed.
Any such reaction involves both a reduction
process and a complementary oxidation
process, two key concepts involved
withelectron transferprocesses.
Redox reactions include all chemical
reactions in which atoms have their oxidation
state changed; in general, redox reactions
involve the transfer
ofelectronsbetweenchemical species.
EXPLANATION
The chemical species from which the
electron is stripped is said to have been
oxidized, while the chemical species to which
the electron is added is said to have been
reduced. It can be explained in simple terms:
Oxidationis thelossofelectronsor
anincreasein oxidation state by
amolecule,atom, orion.
Reductionis thegainof electrons or
adecreasein oxidation state by a molecule,
atom, or ion.
EXAMPLES
As an example, during thecombustionof wood,
oxygen from the air is reduced, gaining electrons from
the carbon. Although oxidation reactions are
commonly associated with the formation of oxides
from oxygen molecules, oxygen is not necessarily
included in such reactions, as other chemical species
can serve the same function.
The reaction can occur relatively slowly, as in the

case ofrust, or more quickly, as in the case offire.

There are simple redox processes, such as the
oxidation ofcarbonto yieldcarbon dioxide(CO2) or
the reduction of carbon byhydrogento
yieldmethane(CH4), and more complex processes
such as the oxidation ofglucose(C6H12O6) in
thehuman body.
 EXAMPLE
A good example is the reaction
betweenhydrogenandfluorinein which hydrogen is being
oxidized and fluorine is being reduced:
H2 + F2 2HF

Illustration of a redox
reaction
REDOX REACTION IN
BIOLOGY
Many importantbiologicalprocesses
involve redox reactions.
Cellular respiration, for instance, is the
oxidation ofglucose(C6H12O6) toCO2and
the reduction ofoxygentowater. The
summary equation for cell respiration is:
C H O + 6O 6CO + 6H OThe
6 12 6 2 2 2
process of cell respiration also depends
heavily on the reduction ofNAD+to NADH
and the reverse reaction (the oxidation of
NADH to NAD+).Photosynthesisand
cellular respiration are complementary,
REDOX CYCLING
A wide variety ofaromatic
compoundsareenzymaticallyreduced to formfree
radicalsthat contain one more electron than their
parent compounds. In general, the electron donor is
any of a wide variety of flavoenzymes and
theircoenzymes. Once formed, these anion free
radicals reduce molecular oxygen tosuperoxide, and
regenerate the unchanged parent compound. The net
reaction is the oxidation of the flavoenzyme's
coenzymes and the reduction of molecular oxygen to
form superoxide. This catalytic behaviour has been
described as futile cycle or redox cycling.
Examples of redox cycling-inducing molecules are

theherbicideparaquatand
otherviologensandquinonessuch asmenadione.
REDOX REACTIONS IN
GEOLOGY
Ingeology,redox is important to both the
formation of minerals and the mobilization of
minerals, and is also important in
somedepositional environments. In general, the
redox state of most rocks can be seen in the
colour of the rock. The rock forms in oxidizing
conditions, giving it a red colour. It is then
"bleached" to a greenor sometimes white
form when a reducing fluid passes through the
rock. The reduced fluid can also carry uranium-
bearingminerals. Famous examples of redox
conditions affecting geological processes
includeuranium depositsandMoqui marbles.
 Abonfire; combustion is a fast
Rust, a slow redox redox reaction
reaction
THE END
THANK YOU