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grinding: large and thin materials in sludge are cut into small particles
to prevent clogging, and provide more uniform dewatering.
screening: are used for the removal of nuisance fine solids from
septage, primary sludge, or biosolids.
2
blending: sludge produced from primary (settleable solids), secondary
(biological solids) and advanced wastewater (biological and chemical
solids) processes is blended to produce a uniform mixture to
especially for sludge dewatering, heat treatment, and incineration
processes.
3
Volume Reduction Processes
4
Gravity Thickening
Thickening is a procedure used to increase the solids content of
sludge by removing a portion of the liquid fraction.
2)thickener depth:
2) floor slope:
Gravity thickeners are generally circular concrete tanks with
bottoms sloping toward the center. The slope of the bottom
floor is generally 2:12 to 3:12, which is steeper than for 7
standard settling tanks.
Design Criteria for Gravity Thickeners
Type Influent Thickened Hydraulic Solids Solids Overflow,
of Solids Conc. Solids Conc. overflow Loading Capture TSS (mg/l)
Sludge (%) (%) rates (kg/m2.d) (%)
(m3/m2.d)