Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Dr Nejat Rahmanian
An overview of Reservoir Engineering
Part I
Scope of Reservoir engineering
Basic concerns of Reservoir Engineering
Define SPE (Society of Petroleum Eng. ) definition of
reserves and reserves categories
Part II
Concept of Stack Tank Oil In Place, Recovery Factor
Part III
Hydrostatic pressure, Reservoir Drive Mechanisms
Part
I
Scope of Reservoir engineering
4
Reservoir Engineering
Aims:
5
Reservoir Engineering
Aims (Contd):
6
Reservoir Engineering
Exploration/
Petropyhsics
Geophysics/Geology
RESERVOIR
ENGINEERING
Production
Process
Economics
Engineering
General Engineering/
Platform topside
Design 8
Where is Reservoir Engineering?
Geology
Geophysics
Exploration
Exploration Well
Discovery Well
Reservoir Engineering
Well Location
Well Assessment
Reservoir Assessment
Development
Development Plan
Production
Transport
9
Basic Concerns of Reservoir Engineers
10
Good Reservoir Engineer
Understand geology & geological process that
give rise to the reservoir.
Understand the nature of reservoir fluid
and rocks
Be familiar with fluid mechanics
& mathematical methods to solve problem.
11
Activities of Reservoir Engineering
Reserve
Estimation
Development
Planning
Production
and
Optimization
12
PART II
PART II
Calculate STOIIP
14
Stock Tank Oil Initial In Place (STOIIP)
Same as STOOIP
Refer to oil in place before the commencement
of production
Depends on
Volume of rock containing oil
percentage porosity of the rock in the reservoir
percentage water content of that porosity
amount of shrinkage that the oil undergoes
when brought to the Earth's surface
15
The volume of oil and gas in-place
16
Stock
Tank
reservoir
17
What is Formation Volume Factor (FVF)?
18
Recovery Factor (RF)
19
What is the different between reserves
and oil in place?
20
Example
(a) Calculate the original-oil-in-place for a reservoir with
4000 acres and thickness of 115 ft. The following
conditions are reported for this reservoir, pressure of
3000 psia, the formation volume factor is 1.43 bbl/STB,
water saturation (Sw) is 30% and porosity is 21%.
(a) N=Ah(1-Sw)/Bo=(4000*7758)(115)(0.21)(1-0.3)/1.43
N=3.7 108 STB
(stock tank barrels refers to the volume of oil after production, at surface pressure and
temperature (as opposed to reservoir conditions).
NB: Conversion factor (acre-ft * 7758 = barrels)
Suggest
OWC
F1 Oil
Water
Oil
Water
Confirm
OWC
Oil
Water
25
F4
Probable Probable
Possible Possible
Confirm
Oil
Confirm
Water
OWC
27
Top Structure Map
(typical)
28
PART III
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
Pressure gauge
H is the total height of the liquid column above the
test area the surface, and patm is the atmospheric
pressure. 32
33
Hydrodynamic pressure
Fluid potential pressure gradient which is caused by
fluid flow
In a normal situation the water pressure at any depth is
http://publications.iodp.org/preliminary_report/308/p
rel34.html
34
Example
35
Solution
1 foot = 0.3048m
36
Fluid Pressures in Hydrocarbon Systems
Typica
l
37
38
Data used for these fluid contacts
comes from.
Pressure surveys
Equilibrium pressures from well tests
Flow of fluid from particular minimum and maximum
depth
Fluid densities from reservoir samples
Saturation data from wireline logs
Capillary pressure data from cores
Fluid saturation from cores
39
DRIVE MECHANISMS
Drive Mechanisms
Definition
Depletion drive
Solution gas drive
Gas Cap drive
Liquid expansion
Water drive
Compaction drive
Gravity drainage
drive
Combined drive
Reservoir Drive Mechanisms
Impermeable
rocks
Impermeable
rocks
Seal
ed
barri
ers
Depletion Drive - Solution Gas Drive
Low recovery
Depletion Drive - Solution Gas Drive
The oil rate will not decline as steeply but will depend also on
the placement of the well with respect to the gas cap.
Water Drive Reservoirs
A water (aquifer ) drive reservoir is a reservoir in contact
with a supporting aquifer.
The oil rate will remain fairly stable until the water reaches the well.
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currently be displayed.
When fluids are removed from the pores, the pressure in the
sand grains causes the grains to expand, thereby pushing
out fluids.
Gravity Drainage Drive