Meaning & Definition

Collective bargaining is concerned with the

relations between tarde unions &
management. Bargaining is collective
because chosen representatives of labour &
management acts as bargaining agents.
Collective Bargaining refers to a proces by
which employers on the one hand and
representatives of the employees on the
other attempt to arrive at agreements
covering the conditions under which
employees will contribute and be
 Features of Collective
Bargaining
Group & Collective Action
Strength
Continous Process
Flexible
Voluntary
Dynamic
Power Relationship
Bipartite Process
 Objectives

To maintain cordial relations between

management & the workers
To settle disputes/conflicts relating to
working conditions & wages
To protect interest of workers through
collective action.
To ensure participation of Trade Unions
To resolve the differences between
workers and management.
 Principles of Collective
Bargaining
Principles for Trade Unions-: a) They should have open
mind on various issues.b)There should not be any room for
confusion & misunderstanding.c) Trade Unions should fully
support management. D)Strike calls should be the last resort.
Principles for Management-: a) Mgt.should give proper
recoginition to trade unions. b)Rules governing labour should
be periodically examined. c) all the clauses of agreements
should be accepted in true spirit.
Principles for both Union & Management-: a)Both the
parties should have faith on each other. b) Both the parties
shoul have positive view of whole process rather thinking it as
formality. C)Both the parties should adhere to all laws
applicable to Collective Bargaining.
 Levels of Collective
Bargaining
At Plant Level
At Industry Level
At National Level
 Types of Collective
Bargaining
Distributive Bargaining-: In this One partys
gain is another partys loss. e.g.wages
Integrative Bargaining-: In this both the
parties may gain or atleast neither party
loses.e.g.better training progrmmes.
Attitudinal Structuring-: When there is
backlog of bitterness between both the parties
then attitudinal structuring is required to make
smooth industrial relations.
Intra-Organisational Bargaining-: There can
be conflicting groups in both mgt.& unions also
so there is need to achieve conseus in these
groups.
 Process of Collective
Bargaining
Identificationof problem
Preparation for Negotiation
Negotiation Procedure
Implementation of Contract
 Functions of Collective
Bargaining
Long run Social change-: It is a technique of
long run social change where inferior class
aims to acquire a large measure of economic &
political control over crucial decision in the
areas of its most immediate interest.
Peace Treaty-: Conflicts are smoothned by
the compromises.
a) Compromise with Combative(Struggling)
Aspects
b) Compromises without Combative aspects.
 Industrial Jurisprudence- it is a
method of introducing civil rights
into industry that is,of requiring
that management be conducted by
rules rather than arbitrary
decisions.
 Essentials of Successful
collective Bargaining
Favourable Political Climate
Strong & Stable Unions
Recoginition
Willingness to give & take
Negotiators Authority
Fair practices
Positive Attitude rather than a fighting
approach
Collective Bargaining in
India
It was introduced in India in 1952
and is gradually gaining importance
in following years.Most agreements
of disputes like Bata Shoe company
Agreement 1955 and 1962 were at
plant level.At Industry level the best
example is of Textile Industry
Bombay and Ahmedabad.The Delhi
Agreement of 1951 is best example
of agreement at National Level.
 Factors Inhibiting
Collective Bargaining
Employers Reluctance
Multiple Unions
Non-Recoginition
Weak Unions
Political Interference
Inadequate Interventions.
Role of Collective Bargaining
in Human Resource
From Management Point of View
From Workers Point of View
From Trade Union Point of view
From Govt.Point of View