The Pennsylvania State University Spring Semester 2007

Michael Szott
Structural Option
Senior Thesis Presentation

Duquesne University Forbes Expansion

Michael J. Szott
Structural Option
Duquesne University Multipurpose Facility
 Presentation Outline
Introduction
Proposed Analysis
Structural Depth Study
o Lateral system redesign
o Gravity system redesign
Breadth Studies
o Acoustics
o Construction cost comparison
Conclusions and Recommendations
Michael J. Szott
Structural Option
Duquesne University Multipurpose Facility
 Location

Michael J. Szott
Structural Option
Duquesne University Multipurpose Facility
 Location

Michael J. Szott
Structural Option
Duquesne University Multipurpose Facility
 Project Overview
Project Team
o Duquesne University
o DRS Architects
o Jendoco Construction
o Atlantic Engineering Services
o Dodson Engineering
o Hornfeck Electrical

Michael J. Szott
Structural Option
Duquesne University Multipurpose Facility
 Project Overview
Building Statistics
o Construction dates
o March 2006 December 2007/January2008
o Building occupancy
o Mixed Use retail, student fitness, office, entertainment
o Building size
o 7 stories 125,000 sq. ft.
o Project cost
o $24 million

Michael J. Szott
Structural Option
Duquesne University Multipurpose Facility
 Project Overview
Existing Structural System
o Gravity system
o Composite steel construction
o Lateral system
o Concentrically braced frames
o Foundations
o Auger cast piles
o Grade Beams

Michael J. Szott
Structural Option
Duquesne University Multipurpose Facility
 Project Overview

Typical Floors 1-3

Michael J. Szott
Structural Option
Duquesne University Multipurpose Facility
 Project Overview

Long Span Framing, Floors 4-5

Michael J. Szott
Structural Option
Duquesne University Multipurpose Facility
 Proposed Analysis
Lateral Resisting System
o More efficient bracing scheme?
Gravity System Vibration Analysis
o Intermixed activity spaces
o Long span conditions
Interior Acoustical Performance
Impact on Construction Cost

Michael J. Szott
Structural Option
Duquesne University Multipurpose Facility
 Structural Depth: Lateral Redesign

Lateral Bracing Locations

Typical Frame

Michael J. Szott
Structural Option
Duquesne University Multipurpose Facility
 Structural Depth: Lateral Redesign
Three Alternate Bracing Schemes

o Modified concentric bracing

o Chevron bracing

o Alternating diagonals (K-bracing)

Michael J. Szott
Structural Option
Duquesne University Multipurpose Facility
 Structural Depth: Lateral Redesign
Design Criteria Applied Loads
o IBC 2003 o Dead
o ASCE 7-02 o Live
o Snow
IBC2003 section 1616.6 : o Wind
analysis must be performed o Seismic
except when structures are
assigned to Seismic Design
Category A

Michael J. Szott
Structural Option
Duquesne University Multipurpose Facility
 Structural Depth: Lateral Redesign
Individual Frames: RAM Advanse
o Optimization
o Minimal Weight
o Member check
o Local Buckling

Overall System: RAM Frame

o Drift check

Michael J. Szott
Structural Option
Duquesne University Multipurpose Facility
 Structural Depth: Lateral Redesign
Modified
Existing - Tension Only Tension/Compression Chevron Bracing K Bracing

LC: DL+0.75LL+0.75W
Michael J. Szott
Structural Option
Duquesne University Multipurpose Facility
 Structural Depth: Lateral Redesign
Existing Frame Design Chevron Bracing
o HSS 6x4x1/4 8x4x5/8 o HSS 4x3x1/4 10x8x3/8
o Columns: W14x53 132 o Columns: W14x53 211
o Beams: W33x118 o Beams: W24x76

Modified Ten. Comp. K Bracing

o HSS 4x3x1/4 9x7x1/4 o HSS 4x3x1/4 12x10x1/2
o Columns: W14x53 211 o Columns: W10x45 W24x131
o Beams: W33x118 o Beams: W33x118

Michael J. Szott
Structural Option
Duquesne University Multipurpose Facility
 Structural Depth: Lateral Redesign
Lateral System Weight Comparison
Component weights
Bracing Layout HSS Braces Beams/Columns Totals
X-Bracing (T only) 46.5 198.7 245.2
X-Bracing (T-C) 38.4 202.5 240.9
Chevron Bracing 37.9 178.2 216.1
K-Bracing 37.4 192.4 229.8

Chevron Bracing
o Least weight of all systems
o Smallest frame beams
o Controlling deflection limits L/600 or 0.3

Michael J. Szott
Structural Option
Duquesne University Multipurpose Facility
 Structural Depth: Lateral Redesign
Overall Building Drift (in.)
Bracing Layout Drift @ HR Drift @ IR Drift @ 5th H/400
Existing 5.6 3.3 2.1 3.96
X-Bracing (T/C) 4.6 2.6 1.5 3.96
Chevron Bracing 4.8 2.7 1.5 3.96
K-Bracing 5 2.9 1.6 3.96

Drift at High Roof Level

Drift at Intermediate Roof Level
Drift at 5th Floor Level
o Pedestrian bridge

Michael J. Szott
Structural Option
Duquesne University Multipurpose Facility
 Structural Depth: Gravity Redesign
Vibration Design: AISC Design Guide 11
o Floor vibrations due to human activity
o Criteria based on rhythmic activity
o Aerobics
o Dining and Dancing
o Serviceability issue not strength
o Design to avoid personal discomfort

Michael J. Szott
Structural Option
Duquesne University Multipurpose Facility
 Structural Depth: Gravity Redesign
Four Critical Spaces Analyzed
o 2nd floor Aerobic/Fitness areas
o 3rd floor gymnasium (typical bays)
o 4th floor gymnasium (long spans)
o 5th floor ballroom (long spans)
o Designed for partially loaded bays
o Modified constant k used

Michael J. Szott
Structural Option
Duquesne University Multipurpose Facility
 Structural Depth: Gravity Redesign

Acceleration Limits

Dancing/Dining 0.02g

Aerobics only 0.06g

Gymnasium 0.10g-0.15g
(i.e. basketball, etc)

Michael J. Szott
Structural Option
Duquesne University Multipurpose Facility
 Structural Depth: Gravity Redesign

Michael J. Szott
Structural Option
Duquesne University Multipurpose Facility
 Structural Depth: Gravity Redesign
Existing Fitness Framing
o 208 span
o Beams: W12x16 @ 7 o.c.
o Girders: W16x31 (210)
o 314 span
o Beams: W18x40 @ 7 o.c.
o Girders: W18x35 (210)

fn(reqd) (Hz)
Span fn(act) 1st Harmonic 2nd Harmonic ap/g (%g) ao/g (%g)
20' 8" 8.48 5.38 8.03 0.051 0.06
31' 4" 5.18 5.38 8.03 0.45 0.06

Michael J. Szott
Structural Option
Duquesne University Multipurpose Facility
 Structural Depth: Gravity Redesign
New Fitness Framing
o 314 span
o Beams: W21x83 @ 7 o.c.
o Girders: W21x83 (210)

fn(reqd) (Hz)
Span fn(act) 1st Harmonic 2nd Harmonic ap/g (%g) ao/g (%g)
20' 8" 8.48 5.38 8.03 0.051 0.06

Michael J. Szott
Structural Option
Duquesne University Multipurpose Facility
 Structural Depth: Gravity Redesign

Michael J. Szott
Structural Option
Duquesne University Multipurpose Facility
 Structural Depth: Gravity Redesign
Existing Ballroom Framing
o 796 span
o Beams: W36x210 @ 7 o.c.
o Girders: W27x84 (210)
o Criteria not met

fn(act) fn(reqd) ap/g (%g) ao/g (%g)

3.89 5.4 0.105 0.02

Michael J. Szott
Structural Option
Duquesne University Multipurpose Facility
 Structural Depth: Gravity Redesign
Ballroom Redesign
o Departure from Design Guide 11
o Partial loading vs. Fully loaded bays

Michael J. Szott
Structural Option
Duquesne University Multipurpose Facility
 Structural Depth: Gravity Redesign
New Ballroom Framing
o Conventional
o Beams: W40x372 @ 7 o.c.
o Girders: W30x90 (210)

o Castellated Beams
o Modified wide flange sections
o Lighter and more stiff
o Economical

Michael J. Szott
Structural Option
Duquesne University Multipurpose Facility
 Structural Depth: Gravity Redesign
Castellated Ballroom Framing
o 796 span
o Beams: CB50x221 @ 7 o.c.
o Girders: W27x84 (210)

fn(act) fn(reqd) ap/g (%g) ao/g (%g)

5.4 5.4 0.019 0.02

Michael J. Szott
Structural Option
Duquesne University Multipurpose Facility
 Structural Depth: Gravity Redesign
Framing Weight (kips)
Floor Use (Floor #) Existing Alternate
Ballroom (5th) 428.9 406.2
Gym (4th) 377.5 321.9
Gym (3rd) 127.4 162.8
Aerobic (2nd) 132.2 153.8
Totals 1066 1044.7

Overall Effects of New Framing

o Lighter gravity system
o Reduced clear height in both gym spaces
o Improved vibrational performance
o Cost?

Michael J. Szott
Structural Option
Duquesne University Multipurpose Facility
 Breadth Study: Construction Cost
Castellated Sections
o Less material, reduced material cost
o 2 man hours to convert from wide flange to castellated
o in general, spans longer than 40 can recoup these costs.
- Billy Milligan, VP of CMC Steel Products

Delivery
o From Hope, AR
o Distance: 1015 miles
o Cost: $65,500

Michael J. Szott
Structural Option
Duquesne University Multipurpose Facility
 Breadth Study: Construction Cost
Existing G ravity Fram ing per Floor (not including O+P)
Floor No. Material/Fabrication Labor/Delivery Totals
2 $148,817.05 $10,943.67 $159,760.72
3 $143,289.60 $11,070.40 $154,360.00
4 $453,475.10 $10,612.77 $464,087.87 Material savings, greater than
5 $452,528.50 $9,665.95 $462,194.45
$1,240,403.04
fabrication costs

Alternate G ravity Fram ing per Floor (not including O+P)

Floor No. Material/Fabrication Labor/Delivery Totals Delivery costs drive more
2 $173,202.95 $11,216.79 $184,419.74 expensive system
3 $183,722.60 $11,112.59 $194,835.19
4 $357,415.10 $28,596.20 $386,011.30
5 $458,540.10 $36,454.99 $494,995.09
$1,260,261.32

Michael J. Szott
Structural Option
Duquesne University Multipurpose Facility
 Breadth Study: Construction Cost
Lateral Frames
o Structural tubing more expensive than wide flange sections
o Fabrication and connection costs
o Chevrons bracing: least material = least cost
o Frame beams considerably smaller

Lateral System Cost Comparison (not including O+P)

Lateral System Material/Fabrication Labor Totals
Existing Fram es $313,054.75 $13,660.18 $326,714.93
Alt.#1: Concentric $324,612.25 $13,710.44 $338,322.69
Alt #2: Chevron $282,774.40 $12,160.28 $294,934.68
Alt #3: "K" Bracing $347,034.25 $10,364.08 $357,398.33

Michael J. Szott
Structural Option
Duquesne University Multipurpose Facility
 Conclusions and Recommendations
A chevron bracing scheme offers a reduction in
weight and material
Redesigning the lateral system will save on material
costs
Castellated beams improve floor vibrations and
decrease floor weight over long spans
Gravity system costs increase slightly
Suggested improvements are cost feasible

Michael J. Szott
Structural Option
Duquesne University Multipurpose Facility
 ??
Questions??

Michael J. Szott
Structural Option
Duquesne University Multipurpose Facility