PRODUCTION PLANNING

APPLICATION
LCD 30302
CHAPTER 1
The Ship Production Planning

NORFADHLINA KHALID
UniKL - MIMET
Contents:
Shipbuilding Terms and Definitions
The Shipbuilding Process
Parameters of a Project
Planning Overview
Production Planning
Shipbuilding Terms and Definitions
Shipbuilding is the construction of ships and a shipyard is the place
where ships are built. Shipbuilding is a construction industry which
uses a wide variety of manufactured components in addition to
basic construction materials. The process therefore has many of
characteristics of both construction and manufacturing.

Shipbuilding requires many workers having various skills, working

within an established organizational structure at specific location
in which necessary facilities are available. The goal of a privately
owned shipbuilding company is to earn a profit by building ships.
Ship Definitions
A ship, although a complex combination of things can be most
easily classified by its basic dimensions, its weight (displacement)
and/or load carrying capacity (deadweight), and its intended
service.

DEPTH
DRAFT
BILGE
KEEL

BEAM

Some specific definitions are dependent on the vessel type or

service but in general, most definitions are applicable for all ship
types.
 SUPERSTRUCTURE
FORECASTLE
RUDDER MAIN DECK

AFT FORE
PEAK ENGINE CARGO HOLDS PEAK
ROOM

DOUBLE BOTTOM
PROPELLER
LENGTH BETWEEN PERPENDICULARS

LENGTH OVERALL

Figure 1 - Defines a number of basic ship dimensions as well

as typical shipboard region.
Ship Types
Ships can be divided into a number of classes based on their
intended service. The primary classes are:
Cargo Ships
Tankers
Bulk Carriers
Passenger Ships
Fishing Vessels
Industrial Vessels
Combatant Vessels
Ship Types
Example of Ship Types:
CARGO SHIPS

Container Barge Carriers Lumber

Vessels Carriers

Cargo Refrigerated Roll-On Roll-Off

Liners Cargo Ships (RO/RO)
Example of Ship Types:

TANKERS

Oil Tanker Liquefied Gas Chemical

Carriers Carriers
Example of Ship Types:

BULK CARRIERS

Coal Ships Oil/Bulk/Ore

(OBO) Ships

Ore Ships
Example of Ship Types:
PASSENGER SHIPS

Cruise Ships Coastal Ferries

Liners Harbor Ferries

Example of Ship Types:
FISHING VESSELS

Seiners

Trawlers Factory Ships

(Processors)
Example of Ship Types:
INDUSTRIAL VESSELS

Tugs Dredges Tenders

Barges Salvage/Buoy Vessels Pilot Craft

Ice Breakers Floating Dry Docks Cable Layers

Example of Ship Types:
COMBATANT SHIPS

Aircraft Carriers Surface Combatant

Auxiliaries Submarines
Example of Ship Types:
OTHER SHIPS

Hydrofoil Craft Sub - Mersibles

Basic Typical Ship Dimensions

Container Ship

Roll On / Roll - Off

Basic Typical Ship Dimensions:

Tanker

Bulk Carrier
Basic Typical Ship Dimensions
Basic Typical Ship Dimensions
Basic Typical Ship Dimensions
Basic Typical Ship Dimensions
Basic Typical Ship Dimensions
The Shipbuilding Process
Shipbuilding is an industry that produces products for customers.
In most cases, the Product is built to order and customized to the
specific requirements of the purchaser. This applies even in cases
where a similar series of ships is being built. The entire process is
depending on the customer involved and generally involves a no.
of specific stages. These may be summarized as:
1st - Development of owners requirements
2nd - Preliminary/concept design
3rd - Contract design
4th - Bidding/contracting
5th - Detail design and planning
6th - Construction
For example:
A shipping line may forecast the need for a means of transporting
250,000 automobiles per year between Japan and California.
1st Stage: Development of owners requirement
- a shipping line owner may forecast an increase in container trade between
the United States and the Peoples Republic of China of an unspecified
nature and amount.
- The use or new ship may be narrow or broad, but the end product should
reflect the owners needs and intended use.
- Owner has identified the need for new ship and defined operational
requirement
2nd Stage: Preliminary/concept design
- Involves preliminary definition of the basic characteristics of the vessel.
- This preliminary or concept design stage can be done internally by the
owners staff, by a design agent one or more shipyards.
- The end of product of this stage is a general definition of the ship,
including hull form, arrangement, powering, machinery arrangement,
cargo capacity, handling equipment, capacities of variable weights
(such as fuel oil, water, crew and stores)
3rd Stage: Contract Design
- More detailed information, called the contract design is required to permit
bids and/or contracts to be prepared.
- Must be of sufficient detail to permit the preparation of cost and
time-to-build estimates by shipyards interested in the shipbuilding projects.

4th Stage: Bidding/Contracting

- Following completion of the contract design stage. A specific shipyard is
chosen to build the vessel.
- Negotiating a contract based on a mutually agreeable design, competitive
bidding based on the contract design and specifications is common
practice.
- Due to the high cost of new ship, contracts are generally very long and
complex. The most significant factors are cost, delivery date and
performance requirements
5th Stage: Detail Design and Planning
- After bidding process is complete and a contract has been signed, the detail
design and planning & scheduling proceeds.
- Shipbuilding involves the purchasing of tons of raw materials and many
thousands of components, the manufacturing of thousands of parts from the
raw materials and the assembly of these parts and components.
- The complex and very detailed planning is required. Detail design and planning
must answer the questions of what, where, how, when and by whom?
- Considerations of subcontracting and in-house manufacture versus purchasing
are also answered here.
6th Stage: Construction
- Ship construction can be considered to occur in four manufacturing levels:
Raw materials is used to manufacture individual parts (such as steel plate and
sections, pipe, sheet metal and cable)
Purchasing and handling of components machine tools, cranes etc.
Joining of parts and/or components to form subassemblies or units hull
blocks
Erection involves the landing and joining of blocks at the building site
- The actual construction phase of shipbuilding is primarily involved with
assembly & subassemblies to form a completed vessel.
Parameter of a Project
Planning Overview
Planning Overview
Production Planning
Ship Production Planning
What is to be done?
How will it be done?
When is it to be done?
Types of Planning Tools in Production Planning

Flow Chart / Flow Diagram

Gantt Chart
Program Evaluation and Review Technique PERT
Critical Path Method CPM
Aggregate Planning
Material Requirements Planning MRP
Work Breakdown Structure WBS
Process Breakdown Structure - PBS
Example: Planning Tools
Example: Planning Tools
Example: Planning Tools
Example: Planning Tools
Example: Planning Tools
Example: Planning Tools
Example: Planning Tools
Aggregate Planning
Example: Planning Tools

MRP Planning
Where is it to be done?
What is the resources?
Class Activity (Tutorial)
Develop a Gantt Chart using Microsoft Project
Create AON Network to applied Program Evaluation Review Technique (PERT)
and Critical Path Method (CPM)

Assignment 1 - 10%
Students are required to choose one type of ships and describe the detail functions
of ship, a basic ship dimension, detail ship specifications and also ship figures.
Use Microsoft Words and maximum page should be 5 pages only excluding cover page.
The assignment report content includes:
- Introduction
- detail function of ship
- a basic dimension of ship
- detail ship specifications contents 5 pages only
- ship figures
- Summary
Dateline of submission : 8th October 2015, Thursday
 University Kuala Lumpur MIMET
Innovation Management
WBB 10202

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