Verbs

Verbs

A verb is a word
the expresses
an action, or a
state of being.
Kinds of Verbs

Action Verbs show either a physical or

mental action.
The plane landed at the airport a while
ago. (physical action)
Mother always hopes for the best. (mental
action)
Kinds of Verbs

Linking Verbs connect the subject with

a noun or an adjective that identifies or
describes the noun or the pronoun.

The verb be is the most frequently used

linking verb. Be, being, been, am, is, are,
was, and were are its most common
forms.
Kinds of Verbs

Other linking verbs include:

appear get remain sound

become grow seem stay
feel look smell taste
Kinds of Verbs

Auxiliary Verbs verbs used with main

verbs to form verb phrases. The most
common auxiliary verbs are forms of be,
have, and do.
be, been, am, is, was, were do, does, did
have, has, had can, could
will, would may, might
shall, should must
Characteristics of Verbs
A verb is transitive when a person or thing
directs the action toward someone or something.
The receiver of the action is called the object of
the verb.
He wrote a beautiful poem. (a what? a poem)

A verb is intransitive when the doer of the

action does not direct the action toward
someone or something.
The sky darkened.
Active and Passive Voice
Voice tells whether the subject of the
sentence is the doer of the receiver of the
action.
The verb is in the active voice if the
subject performs the action.
Mother gave me a new dress.
The verb is in the passive voice is the
subject receives the action.
I was given a new dress by Mother.
Moods of Verbs
a. Indicative mood expresses something
factual that has happened, is happening, or will
happen.
Rommel eats quickly.
b. Imperative mood is used for commands or
requests.
Please stop at the next gas station.
c. Subjunctive mood expresses a wish or
statement contrary to fact.
If I were you, I would visit my family more often.
Changes in Verb Form

1.It changes form according to how it is

formed.
2. It changes form in order to agree in
person and number with a noun or
pronoun.
3. A verb also changes form to express
tense.
Verb Tenses

Simple Tense
Simple Present Tense
Simple Past Tense
Simple Future Tense
Progressive Tense (Continuous)
Present Progressive
Past Progressive
Future Progressive
Verb Tenses

Perfect Tense
Present Perfect Tense
Past Perfect Tense
Future Perfect Tense
Perfect Progressive (Continuous) Tense
Present Perfect Progressive Tense
Past Perfect Progressive Tense
Future Perfect Progressive Tense
Simple Tenses

Simple Present Tense

base form + -s/es
expresses action happening at the present
moment or action that happens habitually

A strange noise comes from the basement.

Simple Tenses

Simple Past Tense

base form + -d/ed
express action or a state of being that took
place in the past

The students waited for the guest for more than

four hours.

The president signed the peace treaty.

Simple Tenses
Simple Future Tense
will / shall + base form
expresses an action that will take place
sometime in the future;
may also express a prediction or give an order

The Zoom Master will play against the Gin-

Makers on Sunday.

The candidate will surely win the pageant.

Progressive Tenses

Present Progressive Tense

present auxiliary verb + -ing form
of the verb
shows action happening in the present or
continuing action

Look! That girl is waving at you.

They are painting landscapes.
Progressive Tenses

Present Progressive Tense

past auxiliary verb + -ing form
of the verb
express action or a state of being that took
place in the past
I was writing my report when you called.
When the principal came, the students were
doing their English projects.
Progressive Tenses

Future Progressive Tense

will / shall + be + -ing form
of the verb
indicates future action
I was writing my report when you called.

When the principal came, the students were

doing their English projects.
Perfect Tenses
Present Perfect Tense
has / have + past participle of the
verb
describe an action in the past and continues to the
present;
also express an action that has been completed at some
indefinite past

The basketball player has had a lot of trouble

with his knee.
We have waited long for this blessing.
Perfect Tenses
Past Perfect Tense
had + past participle of the
verb
express an action that was completed in the past at
some time before another action took place
Mariz had worked as a nanny before she
graduated.
I had already left by the time the school bus
came to pick me up.
Perfect Tenses

Future Perfect Tense

will / shall + have + past participle
of the verb
used to express future action that will be
completed before another future action
My brother will have graduated by 2005.
In December, they will have known each other
for a year.
Perfect Progressive Form
Present Perfect Progressive Form
has/have + been + -ing form of
the verb
indicates past action that continues to the
present
I have been hoping you would call.
Perfect Progressive Form
Past Perfect Progressive Form
had + been + -ing form of the
verb
indicates past action that continues to the
present
Nico had been seeing Nikki a lot until summer.
Perfect Progressive Form
Future Perfect Progressive Form
will / shall + have + been +-ing
form of the verb
indicates a continuous action that will be
completed at some point in the future
In another five minutes, we will have been
driving for five hours.
Non-Verb Forms - Participles

A participle must be in a verb string in

order to behave as a verb. Without an
auxiliary, a participle plays a non-verb role
in its sentence.
Arriving home late, Priscilla RUSHED into
the kitchen.
She WAS THINKING about the burnt
potatoes.
Non-Verb Forms - Participles

Remember that participles are parts of

verb strings. They need auxiliaries to do a
verb's work. If a participle has no auxiliary
in front of it, look elsewhere for the
sentence's verb.
Infinitives

When the word to stands in front of the

base form of a verb, it creates an infinitive.
An infinitive plays a non-verb role in its
sentence.
To know him IS to love him.
I WANT to bring him with me at Christmas.