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The water above receives energy as it falls down the short waterfall. This
energy was stored as potential energy in the gravitational field of the Earth
and came out of storage as the water dropped. This energy which came out
of the gravitational field ended up being expressed as the kinetic energy of
the water. That is, the water gains kinetic energy as it drops. An ounce of
water is going faster when it hits the bottom of the waterfall than it was
when it went over the top of the waterfall.

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Energy that is stored in the gravitational field is called gravitational potential energy,
or potential energy due to gravity.

W = Fd Work equals the applied force times displacement.

W = Fgd The applied force equals the weight of the object.
W = mgd The weight of the object equals its mass times the acceleration due to gravity.

W = mgh The displacement over which the work is done equals the height of the lift.

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W = Fd Work equals the applied force times displacement.

W = Fgd The applied force equals the weight of the object.
W = mgd The weight of the object equals its mass times the acceleration due to gravity.

W = mgh The displacement over which the work is done equals the height of the lift.

Ug Symbol for gravitational potential energy Ug= mgh

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Sample Calculation
What is the gravitational potential energy for a 4 kg object that is lifted 5 m?

Ug = mgh Formula for gravitational potential energy.

Ug = (4 kg)(9.8 m/s/s)(5 m) Plug in values for mass, acceleration due to gravity, and
height.
Ug = 196 J

Once the work has been done lifting the object, and the energy has been stored in the
gravitational field, how is this potential energy released? Very simply, the object can be
dropped. As it falls its height above ground gets less and less, so, the potential energy
stored in gravity gets less and less, also. The object, though, is speeding up as it falls.
Energy is leaving the gravitational field and entering the falling object as kinetic energy.
Kinetic energy is the energy of motion.

As the object falls it travels faster and faster, and thus, picks up more and more kinetic
energy. This increase in kinetic energy during the fall is due to the drop in gravitational
potential energy during the fall. The gravitational potential energy becomes the kinetic
energy of the falling object.
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