Agricultural

Development
and
Modernization

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Agricultural Modernization and Development

Walt Whitman Rostow believed that all

societies that have modernized, are in the
process of modernizing, and still have to
modernize need to pass through the
following five stages without any
exception:

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Agricultural Modernization and Development

Traditional Society a subsistence economy wherein

production of basic crops is the top priority; geared towards self
sufficiency.
Preconditions for take-Off there are some noticeable
changes that take place as a consequence of certain
exogenous factors or some external intrusion by advanced
nations into a lagging society: (a) increased productivity; (b)
formation of social overhead capital, most particularly on
transport which leads to the creation of the national market
and the productive utilization of natural resources; (c) initial
successes obtained in trading with other countries.

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The preconditions for take-off

The first country to be modernized in 1850.

Great Britain successful political and religious
settlements rewarding nonconformists like
scientists for their innovative achievements
naval prowess that facilitated the transport of
goods to other countries and possession of
superior raw materials

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 Take-off the most crucial stage. This stage can be
realized if (a) there is increased savings and investment
from the national income; (b) institutions are fully modernized,
giving support mechanism for development; (c) there must
be one or more sectors that should initially develop items of
high rates of growth or a minority which form a leading elite
in economic growth.
Great Britain textile industry
USA, France, Germany, Canada, Russia -
railroads
Sweden - modern timber cutting

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Drive to Maturity the period when a society has
effectively applied the range of modern technology to all
sectors of the economy. To sustain the full Application of
modern technology to all productive areas of the economy,
an increase of savings and investment from 10 to 20% of
the national income must be maintained. This stage is also
characterized by economic gains outstripping population
increase.

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Age of High Mass Consumption the society can now provide
its ordinary citizens with all the amenities and convenience of modern
life.

The following countries passed through the following

stages without exception according to Rostow before
they became modernized; United States (1900);
Germany (1910); France (1910); Sweden (1930);
Japan (1940); Russia (1950); and Canada (1950).

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Agriculture and Fisheries Modrnization Act of 1997

[REPUBLIC ACT NO. 8435]

AN ACT PRESCRIBING URGENT RELATED MEASURES TO

MODERNIZE THE AGRICULTURE AND FISHERIES SECTORS
FO THE COUNTRY IN ORDER TO ENHANCE THEIR
PROFITABILITY, AND PREPARE SAID SECTORS FOR THE
CHALLENGES OF GLOBALIZATION THROUGH AN ADEQUATE,
FOCUSED AND RATIONAL DELIVERY OF NECESSARY
SUPPORT SERVICES, APPROPRIATING FUNDS THEREFOR
AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES.

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 OBJ ECTIVES OF AFMA

ACCESS TO RESOURCES
INCOME

IMPROVED
FARMERS QUALITY
HIGHER VALUE CROPS HIGHER
FISHERMEN OF LIFE

PROFITS
HIGHER ADDED VALUE

PROCESSING, AGRIBUSINESS
AGRO-INDUSTRY

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 AFMA HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT PLAN

SCHOLARSHIP CONTINUING
PROGRAM EDUCATION PROGRAM

MERIT AF PROFESSIONAL
SYSTEM
BOARD
S&T
EDUCATION/TRAINING
[CHED] NAFES (All Levels)
BUDGET QUALITY/RELEVANCE
ACCESS & EQUITY
NUCAF NCE
PIAF INSTRUCTION
AGRICULTURE AND FISHERIES RESEARCH
MODERNIZATION EXTENSION

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 COMPONENTS OF AN AGRICULTURE ENTERPRISE

AGRO-INDUSTRIAL
ENTERPRISE

LABOR CAPITAL

TECHNOLOGY
TECHNOLOGY RAW
RAW MATERIALS
MATERIALS

DIVERSITY
EFFICIENCY
MARKET
MARKET PRODUCTIVITY

UTILIZATION INCOME

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 STRATEGIC AGRICULTURAL AND FISHERIES DEVELOPMENT

PROCESSING INVESTMENT/CREDIT ENVIRONMENTAL

PROTECTION

SAFD ZONE PRODUCT STANDARD &

PRODUCTION CONSUMER SAFETY
[DA/ LGU/ NGO/ PRIVATE]

IRRIGATION IRRIGATED, IRRIGABLE, HUMAN RESOURCE

ALLUVIAL PLAINS, AGRO- DEVELOPMENT
INDUS. CROPLANDS,
MARKETING HIGHLANDS-HVC,FRAGILE EXTENSION
AGRIC.LANDS
R & D
LIMITED LAND
AGRO-INDUSTRIAL AGRIBUSINESS ENTREPRENEUR
CONVERSION
NO IDLE LAND POVERTY ALLEVIATION & SOCIAL EQUITY,FOOD SECURITY,
RATIONAL USE OF RESOURCES, GLOBAL COMPETETIVENESS,
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, PEOPLE EMPOWERMENT

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 PRESSURE TO ACCELERATE PROGRESSION OF FARM/FISH TO AGRIBUSINESS

CARP
(BREAK-UP OF TRADE LIBERALIZATION

COMMERCIAL FARMS) (TIME PRESSURE)

SMALLHOLDERS
AGRIBUSINESS
ENTERPRISE

AGRICULTURE-
BASED COMPANY
SMALLHOLDERS GESTATION
ENTERPRISES ECONOMIC
WELL-BEING

GOOD
INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT
HEALTH FOOD
EXPERTISE
EDUCATION SECURITY

BUSINESS FIRMS CITIZENSHIP

PARTNERSHIP

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ADC SCOPE
 Challenges in Agricultural Education

SUCs Academic Programs

RESEARCHERS/
ENTREPRENEUR DEVELOPMENT
SCIENTISTS MANAGERS

Crop Science
PROBLEM-SOLVING Institutional
Animal Science ORIENTED

Crop Protection SCIENCE-BASED Capability

INTEGRATIVE
Agricultural Economics Facilities
SYSTEMS APPROACH
Agricultural Extension Faculty and
VALUE-LADEN
Soil Science CURRICULUM Staff
AFMA BOARD EXAM

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 AFMA HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT PLAN

SCHOLARSHIP CONTINUING
PROGRAM EDUCATION PROGRAM

MERIT S&T AF PROFESSIONAL

SYSTEM EDUCATION/TRAINING BOARD
[CHED]
QUALITY/RELEVANCE NAFES (All Levels)
BUDGET
ACCESS & EQUITY

NCE
NUCAF
INSTRUCTION
PIAF
RESEARCH
AGRICULTURE AND FISHERIES EXTENSION
MODERNIZATION

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 Challenges in SUC RDE System

Problem-solving oriented
UPSTREAM Excellence
Science-based
MIDSTREAM Accountability
Integrative
DOWNSTREAM Communication
System approach

BAR RDE NETWORKS (national/regional)

Re-tooling Incentive
Support staff
Research Implementation
Proposal Approval by Publications
Problem By Proponents
Preparation Funding Extension
ID/Analysis Facilities
Agency Conferences
Workload
SUC Peer Review & Evaluation Credible & Efficient Fund Management PEER REVIEW
SUC Monitoring & Evaluation

SUC SCIENCE/RESEARCH CULTURE

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 STRATEGIC FRAMEWORK FOR AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT

SUPPORT AGENCIES EXPECTED PERFORMANCE

NATL. GOVT. POLICIES (DA) DIFF. AI PRODUCTS
NATL. GOVT. FACILITATORS
and REGULATORS INCREASED EFFICIENCY

LGU UNITS/FACILITATOR AGRO-INDUSTRIAL

INCREASED PRODUCTIVITY
and RAGULATOR ENTERPRISE

KNOWLEDGE & TECHNOLOGY

SOURCE (TRAINING) INCREASED INCOME OF
ENTREPRENEUR
COMMUNITY MOBILIZATION
INSTITUTES (NGOs, etc.)

SOURCE OF INPUTS
SOURCE OF CAPITAL
ECONOMIC WELL-BEING
MARKET

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