What is a sentence?

A sentence is a group of words that has a

subject and a predicate and expresses a
complete thought.
The subject of the sentence may consist of only
one word or a word with modifiers (kata
keterangan), and the predicate contains a verb
alone or with modifiers.
Whether short or long, a sentence must have a
subject and a verb and express a complete idea
Type of sentences
Command (Perintah) : Go!
Statement (Berita) : Mother is going to the market.
Question (Tanya) : Are you going to Bali?
Exclamation (Seru) : Good morning!

! = exclamation mark
. = full stop
? = question mark
SIMPLE SENTENCE
Subject Verb Object Adverb/Adj. Complement
S V O A C
SV : I cried.
SVA : He went to Solo.
SVC : I am a student.
SVO : He sent a card.
S V Oi / Od : Ali sent me a card / Ali sent a card to me.
SVOC : He made me rich.
SVOA : Rita saw him last night.
 Observe the subject and the verb!
Examples :
Nowadays prices of basic commodities are increasing.
His knowledge is beneficial to mankind
Farmers work.
Exercises :
The poor farmers from Gunung Kidul work very hard.
Rivers and waterfalls are forces of nature.
I am going to study industrial engineering at UPN.
The population of Indonesia consists of 55% farmers.
Many people are waiting in line to buy fertilizer.
Mungbean has a high protein content.
 WRITING ACTIVITY
Learning to write in a new language is not always easy.
It is challenging, but it can also be fun.
The easiest way to begin writing is to write about things
you know well. That often means writing about yourself.

WRITING ABOUT YOURSELF

Exercise: Complete each of the following sentences.

My name is . . I am years old. I am

from . . I am a . I like ..
WRITING ACTIVITY
WRITING ABOUT PEOPLE (Write a description)
List the questions. Examples: Describe your friend!
What does he/she look like? (tall, fat, black hair, etc.)
What is he/she wearing?
How is his/her character? (friendly, cheerful, etc.)
(think of more questions)
List all the answers in full sentences.
Decide which order your descriptions will be written in a
paragraph. (Paragraph planning)
Write down your description in another way. Compare
those two paragraphs.
Which one do you prefer?
WRITING ACTIVITY
WRITING ABOUT DAILY ACTIVITIES
Here is the description of a typical day in the life of a man named
Roberto Trevino. List the sentences below in time order and make a
paragraph about his daily activities.
1. He teaches his class from 8.30 to 3.30
2. First of all, Roberto gets up at seven oclock every morning.
3. Roberto is exhausted when he gets into bed at midnight.
4. He always takes the 7.45 a.m. train to the elementary school
where he works.
5. At six oclock he eats dinner and gets ready for his night job.
6. Then he takes the 4.00 p.m. train back home.
7. He plays the saxophone from 8.00 to 11.00 p.m.
8. After dinner Roberto drives to a jazz club where he plays in a
band.
 Time order
When you write a paragraph about daily activities, you should
put your sentences in time order.
To show time relationships, you will need to use signal words.
These words help guide your reader from one idea to the next.
Some common signal words: first, second, next, then, finally,
etc.
Exercises:
Writing about your daily activities. Complete the following
sentence and use it as the first sentence of your paragraph:
During the week, my days are very (busy/boring/
interesting/relaxing). I wake up at .. . ..
(make 6-8 sentences)
WRITING ABOUT PLACES:
Writes a short paragraph giving a description of this picture.