Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Submitted to :
Prof.N.Jayaraman Name: R.Sowndharya
Subject : Landscape & Reg.no: 510311251011
ecology X sem SOA , Amace.
content:
hard and softscape
elements of climate
climate factors
climate change and plants
landform types by form
functional uses of landform
levels of climate
landscape elements-landform
Important Things to Consider When Planning Landscape Design
Conclusion
reference:
Home / Blog Posts / Contour Gardening For Efficiency
Role Of Landscape Elements In Inducing Micro-climate
Hard and soft landscape
The term soft landscape to
The term hard landscape to describe the vegetative
describe the construction materials materials which are used to
which are used to improve a improve a landscape by
landscape by design. design.
A person feels
comfortable and sure
footed when standing
on or walking across a
level landform
Creates an open,
spacious, exposed
feeling
No definition of
enclosed space, no
sense of privacy, no
protection from
objectionable sights
and sounds, no
defense against sun
and wind
Views may extend uninterrupted for
considerable distances long views may help Horizontal lines
establish a sense of unity on the level landform and forms are
harmonious
elements
E.g. the prairie
house by Frank
Lloyd Wright
For example, Churches, important structures are placed on top of convex landforms
give the feeling
Define space by slope
5. Valley
Like the concave landform, a low area in the
landscape, functions as Positive space or room
Perception of space
o The floor area of space
o The steepness of enclosing slopes
o The horizon,
silhouette line `
The floor area of the space is the bottom or base plane of the space, usable area
Slope assumes the function of the vertical plane, acting as walls of an exterior
space
o The steeper the slope, the more pronounced the delineation of space
o The horizon/silhouette line represents the edge between the perceived top of the
landform and the sky
o Its position with respect to height and distance from the position of the viewer
affects views out of the space and the perceived spatial limits
All three variables interact simultaneously with one another to enclose space
2. Control views
To enframe views to a particular focal point in the environment, landform
can be built up on one or both sides of the sight line
Landform may be used to
show off or exhibit a
particular object or scene
MICRO-CLIMATE WIND
TEMPERATURE
HUMIDITY &
PRECIPITATION
LANDSCAPE ELEMENTS
LAND
VEGETATION
WATER
1. Wind
2. Solar radiation
3. Temperature
4. Precipitation and humidity
20 c
DBT
1. LANDFORMS TOPOGRAHY
The general pattern of wind prevailing for an area depends on the topography or the
landform profile of the site. e.g: Wind blowing across flat sites remain laminar wind and at
full force.
The direction & intensity of valley winds vary during the course of the
24 hour day.
. However, the profiles of hills and valleys creates variation based on steepness and on
the orientation of the slopes with respect to the prevailing pattern.
Because cold air is heavier than warm air, the airflow tends to be downhill during the
night and uphill during the day.
If the windward side of the hill is steeper than the leeward side, the change in the wind
pattern is more abrupt than if the leeward side is steeper.
For example: Rolling hills break the
wind slightly at each peak, and the wind
speed in the valley is reduced somewhat.
2. LANDFORM SURFACES
The surfaces across which the wind
blows affects the winds force, path,
and composition.
Small landforms receive relatively heavy precipitation on the leeward side of the
hill .
As the moving air begins to climb the windward side of the hill, the bottom layer of
the air speeds up and the top layer begins to cool. This change in air pressure causes
the air to drop its moisture.
2. For large landmasses the size of the mountain ranges and the landforms whose
windward sides are much steeper than their leeward sides, the opposite effect occurs ,
as the warm, moisture-laden air begins to climb the steep windward face of the
landform, it cools and finally reaches a point at which it cannot hold the water any
longer. This accounts for the huge amount of rains received on the windward side.
2. Kim W. Todd- site, space & structure ; 1985
CONTOUR GARDENING FOR EFFICIENCY
MARK THE ELEVATION CONTOUR LINES.
mark the elevation contour lines in the area where you intend to place your garden
Construct raised beds along a contour line that are 3- to 4-feet wide.
fill the raised bed or form the berm with compost soil. It is likely that you will have
to import some soil, but to reduce costs you can layer purchased soil with other
organic materials such as aged manure, shredded and aged leaf mulch, and/or
composted wood chips. Be sure the top 6 inches is compost soil.
4: FINE-TUNE THE CONTOUR GARDEN
line it with stones or rocks if desired. Let the new
beds rest for at least two weeks before planting; three
months is ideal. For this reason, building a contour
garden in the fall is a good strategy.
Vegetation can be used to redirect the flow of air and channel it to specific areas or
locations on the site. The "Venturi effect" can also be created to increase the
velocity of air movement in the area of the structure.
Microclimates are usually broken into one of Important Things to
four categories: full sun, partial shade, shade, or Consider When Planning
deep shade; take note of your landscape's Landscape Design
microclimate when selecting plants for your
landscape.
The topography of your site is important to
consider as well as you plan; take note of how
water drains in your landscape. The best
landscape design will promote water movement
away from your home towards other areas