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Culture Documents
3
PSYCHIATRY
PSYCHIATRIST IS :
A PHYSICIAN WHO HAS HAD ADVANCED
TRAINING IN THE DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT
OF MENTAL DISORDERS
Forensic Psychiatry
Is a general term that denotes the interface between
law and psychiatry.
The field of forensic psychiatry:
the psychiatric expert witness
criminal law and psychiatry
insanity
the guilty but mentally ill offender
diminished capacity
competency to stand trial
involuntary hospitalization and conservatorship
the right of patients, informed consent
the right to treatment and the right to refuse treatment
confidentiality and privileged communication
Definition
6
Definition
Interpreters of medical and psychological findings
into language which judges, attorneys and
administrators and, in common law jurisdictions
the common man, can understand and to which
they can apply their rules.
(Nedopil 2009)
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PSIKIATRI FORENSIK ADALAH CABANG
ILMU KEDOKTERAN JIWA YANG
MEMPUNYAI FUNGSI FORENSIK
PSIKIATRI FORENSIK BIDANG PSIKIATRI
YANG MEMPELAJARI ASPEK HUKUM
MENGENAI GANGGUAN JIWA YANG
MENUNJUKKAN PENYIMPANGAN SOSIAL
PSIKIATRI FORENSIK ADALAH BIDANG
PSIKIATRI YG DIGUNAKAN UNTUK
KEPERLUAN HUKUM ATAU PERADILAN
VISUM ET REPERTUM PSIKIATRIKUM
MASUK DALAM LINGKUP PSIKIATRI
FORENSIK
What do forensic psychiatrists do?
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PSIKIATRI FORENSIK
PSIKIATRI YG MEMPELAJARI ASPEK HUKUM GANGGUAN JIWA
YG MENUNJUKKAN PENYIMPANGAN SOSIAL:
ORANG YANG MELANGGAR PERATURAN MASYARAKAT KARENA
FUNGSI SOSIALNYA TERGANGGU, BERKURANG DAN TDK EFEKTIF
PERILAKU ORANG TSB MERUGIKAN DAN MENGGANGGU
MASYARAKAT
TUGAS PSIKIATER (MENGHADAPI PELAKU)
MEMBENTANGKAN PENYEBABNYA
MENCEGAH DAN MENGOBATI PERILAKU YG MENYIMPANG
MEMAHAMI DAN BUKAN MEMBENARKAN ADANYA
PENYIMPANGAN PERILAKU ITU
AHLI HUKUM:
ADA ANCAMAN THD LINGKUNGAN
AHLI FORENSIK
MENGHADAPI KORBAN PELAKU KEJAHATAN
Forensic psychiatrist vs Forensic psychologist
Psychiatrists are physicians with specialty training
in the understanding, diagnosis, and treatment of
mental disorders.
This includes:
biological evaluations and treatments
(such as laboratory tests and medications)
psychotherapy, and family & social issues.
Doctoral-level psychologists do not go to medical
school,
Have special expertise in topics not usually studied in
detail by psychiatrists (such as psychological testing).
How is forensic psychiatry useful to the
legal process?
When legal matters involve issues outside lay (general
public) expertise, lawyers and judges regularly seek
consultation from professionals in a wide variety of fields,
including medical specialties.
Such professionals are often called "experts" or "expert
witnesses."
Forensic experts usually are truly knowledgeable, the
criteria for "expert" designation in such cases are legal
ones, and not necessarily scientific.
Sometimes the expertise is sought in an effort to provide
the best possible information to judges or juries, but there
are many other situations in which a prudent attorney,
judge, or other party may request consultation.
Are forensic psychiatrists "advocates"
for one side or the other in legal
matters?
Usually not.
Ethical forensic psychiatrists try to avoid bias.
They focus on the data or evidence within their areas of
expertise, and comment objectively on the information as
they see it.
Are often consultants to advocates (lawyers) or courts, and
at other times may participate in advocacy strategy, but
consider it unethical to combine our expert opinions
(testimony, reports, or affidavits, for example) with
advocacy per se.
Ethical forensic psychiatrists do not accept contingency
fees or otherwise conduct themselves in ways that may
interfere with, or imply, a lack of professional objectivity.
Doesnt the expert have an incentive to agree with
the lawyer, so he or she can testify and make
money?
In most cases, no.
Ethical experts are paid for their time, not their
testimony.
Since the time spent forming the opinion usually
far exceeds time spent testifying, most payment is
received regardless of whether or not the expert
testifies.
Forensic psychiatrists are similar to most other
professionals in their respect for their work and
their clients. The minority who "cheat" in some
way risk severe censure and loss of credibility.
Brief history of forensic psychiatry UK
16
RUANG LINGKUP PSIKIATRI FORENSIK
PERKARA PIDANA
PERKARA PERDATA
UU YANG BERKAITAN DG PSIKIATRI FORENSIK
CHILD ABUSE
KEKERASAN DALAM RUMAH TANGGA
HAK-HAK SESEORANG UNTUK MENDAPATKAN PEMERIKSAAN
PSIKIATRIK
PEMERIKSAAN PSIKIATRIK SEBELUM SIDANG PENGADILAN
MEMBUAT VISUM ET REPERTUM PSIKIATRIKUM
MEMBUAT SURAT KETERANGAN GANGGUAN JIWA
VANDALISME
HUKUMAN MATI
PENENTUAN KEMAMPUAN MELANJUTKAN STUDI/KERJA
ETIKA PSIKIATRI
PENENTUAN JENIS KELAMIN
PERKARA PIDANA
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Mens rea
Actus reus non facit reum nisi mens sit rea = The act is
not culpable/bersalah unless the mind is guilty"
I.e. a guilty mind (mens rea) is a prerequisite of
responsibility for a crime and so to be punished
Individuals with mental disorders may not have mens rea
due to mental state at the time of the offence
Different levels of mens rea:
Intent: wants consequence to happen
Recklessness/ceroboh: foresees consequence, taking risk
Negligence/kelalaian: does not foresee or desires consequence
but should have done
But: accident: would not have been possible to predict the
outcome; no guilt
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Classification of crime
Crimes against person: violence, sexual offences,
robbery
Crimes of dishonesty: burglary, theft, fraud and forgery
Criminal damage: property damage and arson
Car crimes: driving without licence, driving whilst
disqualified
Drug crimes: use, possession, supply
Other crimes
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Criminal Justice System
Aims of the Criminal Justice System
Detection and prevention of crime
Rehabilitation and punishment of offenders
Victim support
22
Criminal Justice System
Crime Police investigates Fitness to be interviewed
Prosecution
(penuntutan) Fitness to stand trial
Fitness to plead(pengakuan)
Court Criminal responsibility
Conviction(keyakinan)
Acquittal Trial + sentencing(hukuman)
(pembebasan)
Discharge(melepas
Fine(baik)
Appeal
Community order
(menarik)
Prison sentence
Hospital admission
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Risk factors for criminal behaviour
Family factors
Poor parental supervision, harsh discipline, marital
disharmony, parental separation, antisocial parents and
large family size
Peers
Most delinquent acts are committed with others
Personality factors
Psychopathy, impulsivity, anger and lack of empathy
Substance Misuse
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PERKARA PERDATA
KONTRAK PERJANJIAN
PEMBUATAN SURAT WASIAT
KESAKSIAN DI PENGADILAN
KEMAMPUAN MELAKUKAN SEGALA MACAM
URUSAN (KOMPETENSI UMUM)
KETIDAK MAMPUAN SECARA PSIKIATRIK
HAK MENDAPAT PEMERIKSAAN PSIKIATRI
HAK PASIEN
MEMILIH DOKTER DAN RUMAH SAKIT
MEMPEROLEH INFORMASI MEDIS TTG DIRINYA
MEMBERIKAN PERSETUJUAN PENGOBATAN
RAHASIA MEDIS
MENERIMA GANTI RUGI
KEWAJIBAN PASIEN
MEMBERIKAN INFORMASI YG SEBENARNYA
MEMATUHI NASIHAT DOKTER
MENJAGA PRIVACY KEDOKTERAN
MEMBERIKAN HONOR YANG PANTAS
VANDALISME
PERILAKU MENYIMPANG PADA SESEORANG YG SUKA
MERUSAK LINGKUNGAN DAN BERTENTANGAN DG
NORMA- NORMA MASYARAKAT YG BERLAKU
PENYIMPANGAN BISA BERUPA LINGKUNGAN FISIK
DAN SEKSUAL
HUKUMAN MATI
SEBELUM HUKUMAN DIJATUHKAN TERSANGKA
MEMPUNYAI HAK TENTANG STATUS PSIKIATRISNYA.
Keterangan ahli diatur dalam pasal 154 HIR, 181 RBG, 215
RV.
Perbedaan saksi dan saksi ahli :
kedudukan seorang ahli dapat diganti dengan ahli lain
untuk memberi pendapatnya.
Sedangkan saksi pada umumnya tidak, karena saksi
tidak dapat digantikan dengan orang lain.
Jika dalam saksi biasa ada asas satu saksi bukan saksi
(unus testis nullus testis ) maka tidak demikian
dengan saksi ahli.
Sebagaimana dalam pasal 338 Kitab Undang-
Undang Hukum Pidana (KUHP) berbunyi:
Barangsiapa sengaja merampas nyawa orang lain,
diancam, karena pembunnuhan, dengan pidana
penjara paling lama lima belas tahun. Dan pasal
340 KUHP berbunyi: Barangsiapa sengaja dan
dengan rencana lebih dahulu merampas nyawa
orang lain, diancam, karena pembunuhan dengan
rencana (moord), dengan pidana mati atau pidana
penjara seumur hidup atau selama waktu tertentu,
paling lama dua puluh tahun.
Namun, tidak semua delik pembunuhan dapat
dipidana, baik dengan menggunakan ketentuan
KUHP maupun undang-undang lainnya.
Pembunuhan yang dilakukan baik secara sengaja,
kealpaan, maupun percobaan dapat dipidana.
sedangkan pembunuhan yang dilakukan karena
cacatnya jiwa atau terganggu karena penyakit, tidak
dapat dipidana. (pasal 44 (1) KUHP)
Pasal 44 ayat 1
Barangsiapa melakukan perbuatan
yang tidak dapat
dipertanggungjawabkan padanya,
disebabkan karena jiwanya cacat dalam
tumbuhnya (gebrekkige ontwikkeling)
atau terganggu karena penyakit
(ziekelijke storing), tidak dipidana.
Pasal 44 ayat 2
Menyatakan: jika ternyata bahwa perbuatan tidak
dapat dipertanggungjawabkan padanya disebabkan
karena jiwanya cacat dalam tumbuhnya atau
karena gangguan penyakit, maka hakim dapat
memerintahkan supaya orang itu dimasukkan ke
dalam rumah sakit jiwa, paling lama satu tahun
sebagai waktu percobaan.
SUMMARY OF INSANITY
STANDARDS
PSIKOTIK
GANGGUAN KEPRIBADIAN
RETARDASI MENTAL
CULTURE BOUND PHENOMEN
EPILEPSI
SUBSTANCE ABUSE
DEVIASI SEKSUAL
GANGGUAN PENGENDALIAN IMPULS
GANGGUAN MENTAL ORGANIK
HISTERI KONVERSI
COMMON REASONS FOR
INCOMPETENCE TO STAND TRIAL
LOW INTELLIGENCE OR DEMENTIA THAT
IMPAIRS THE DEFENDANTS
UNDERSTANDING OF THE TRIAL
PROCESS
DEPRESSION AND SELF-DEFEATING
BEHAVIOR THAT LIMIT THE
DEFENDANTS MOTIVATION FOR THE
BEST OUTCOME AT TRIAL
MANIA THAT IMPAIRS THE DEFENDANTS
ABILITY TO ACT APPROPRIATELY IN THE
COURTROOM
COMMON REASONS FOR
INCOMPETENCE TO STAND TRIAL
PARANOID DELUSIONS THAT IMPAIR THE
DEFENDANTS ABILITY TO WORK WITH DEFENSE
COUNSEL
DISORGANIZED THINKING THAT IMPAIRS THE
DEFENDANTS CONCENTRATION AND
ATTENTION
IRRATIONAL DECISION MAKING ABOUT THE
DEFENSEAS THE RESULT OF DELUSIONS,
DISORGANIZED THINKING, LOW INTELLECT, OR
DEMENTIA
HALLUCINATIONS THAT DISTRACT THE
DEFENDANT FROM ATTENDING TO THE TRIAL
COMMON ERRORS IN COMPETENCY
AND SANITY EVALUATIONS