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Durand/Barlow:
Essentials of Abnormal Psychology, 4e
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Chapter 1
Abnormal Behavior in
Historical Context
Myths and Misconceptions About Abnormal
Behavior
No Single Definition of Psychological
Abnormality
No Single Definition of Psychological
Normality
What is a Psychological Disorder?
Psychological Dysfunction
Breakdown in cognitive, emotional, or
behavioral functioning
Personal Distress
Difficulty performing appropriate and
expected roles
Impairment is set in the context of a persons
background
Atypical or Not Culturally Expected Response
Reaction is outside cultural norms
Abnormal Behavior Defined
Working Definition
A psychological dysfunction associated
with distress or impairment in functioning
that is not typical or culturally expected
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-
IV-TR)
DSM Contains Diagnostic Criteria
The Field of Psychopathology
The scientific study of psychological
disorders
The Science of Psychopathology
Producers of Research
Consumers of Research
Evaluators of Their Work Using Empirical
Methods
Functioning as a Scientist-Practitioner
Fig. 1.2, p. 6
Clinical Description
Etiology
What contributes to the development of
psychopathology?
Treatment Development
How can we help alleviate psychological
suffering?
Includes pharmacologic, psychosocial,
and/or combined treatments
Causation, Treatment, and Outcome
(continued)
Treatment Outcome Research
How do we know that we have helped?
Limited in specifying actual causes of
disorders
Historical Conceptions of Abnormal
Behavior
Major Psychological Disorders Have Existed
In all cultures
Across all time periods
Causes and Treatment of Abnormal Behavior
Varies Widely Across cultures, time
periods, world views
Historical Conceptions of Abnormal
Behavior (continued)
Three Dominant Traditions
Supernatural
Biological
Psychological
The Supernatural Tradition
Major Players
Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers
Major Themes
That people are basically good
Humans strive toward self-actualization
Humanistic Theory (continued)
Humanistic Therapy
Therapist conveys empathy and
unconditional positive regard
Minimal therapist interpretation
No strong evidence that humanistic therapies
work
The Behavioral Model