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MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM
INTRODUCTION
Everyday activities require motility.
The group:
Observe prepared slides of
* skeletal *cardiac muscle.
*smooth
Locate the following structures
a. nucleus d. intercalated disc
b. striations e. branching myofiber
c. myofiber f. endomysium
Draw the observed specimen in data sheet. Labeled the visible structures
properly and indicate the total magnification of the specimen.
B. Muscle Stimulation Virtual
Lab
First, we selected a muscle and click the
up arrow on the oscilloscope to increase the
stimulus voltage,
then by clicking the apply stimulus button
we are able to see if a spike occurs and if
we dont, we have to increase the stimulus
voltage until a spike will be noticed.
In the data table, we recorded the
stimulus voltage and repeat the steps to
determine and record the thresholds of
simulation of the four muscles
*lower forelimb * calf
*upper forelimb * thigh
under each of the six possible workloads
(0g, 5g, 10g, 20g, 40g and 80g). And we
wrote none to the times that we didnt
notice a twitch after applying stimulus
voltage as high as 10v. After performing the
muscle stimulation, the journal was
answered.
C. Muscle Fatigue
For 30 seconds, numbers of squeezes
were counted and recorded in the table.
While recording, the squeezing of the
ball continues and still record if will reach
to 60 seconds, 90 seconds, 120 seconds,
and 150 seconds.
Then, two more volunteers performed
the same procedure and the results were
gathered to show the trend in the number
of squeezes through time by using a line
graph.
D. Bone Anatomy
d.1. Gross Anatomy of Long Bone
using the cow long bone:
*epiphysis * compact bone
*medullary cavity * articular cartilage
*trabeculae * epiphyseal line
*spongy bone * perforating canal (Volkmanns canal
*diaphysis * periosteum
After such, the long bone was drawn in the data sheet and labeled the
visible structures
6/19/2017
Identifying Human Muscles
endomysiu
nucleus
n
Muscle fiber
Skeletal Muscle, c.s.
LPO:100x HPO:400x
endomysium
Muscle
fiber
Cardiac Muscle, l.s.
Intercalated
nucleus
endomysium
Smooth Muscle, c.s. and l.s.
LPO: 100x HPO:400x
endomysiu
Muscle fiber
nucle
us
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Muscle Stimulation
Virtual Lab
Table 1. The effect of increasing workload to selected muscles
threshold stimulus.
THRESHOLD STIMULUS OF SELECTED MUSCLES (V*)
WORKLOAD (g*)
Lower forelimb Upper forelimb Calf Thigh
Muscular fatigue
Inability to maintain a given
exercise intensity or force output
Muscular fatigue
oxygen + glucose
ATP (contraction)
Metabolite accumulation - lactate
During moderate-high intensity exercise
not enough oxygen
trouble making ATP
FERMENTATION
good process
bad process
Metabolite accumulation - lactate
Fermentation
end product = Lactic Acid
Overworked
Bones that are strong but not flexible will be brittle and easily
broken. However, if bones are flexible but not strong, they
would not support the weight of your body or the stress from
your muscles pulling on them.
1. Effect of acidity on bone (Using vinegar)