Virtual private network (VPN)

The tele-worker solution

Virtual Private Network (VPN)
Site-to-site VPN
Remote-access VPN
Layer 2 Forwarding (L2F) Layer 2 Forwarding (L2F) is a Cisco-proprietary tunneling protocol,
and it was their first tunneling protocol created for virtual private dial-up networks (VPDNs).

Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP) Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP)

was created by Microsoft to allow the secure transfer of data from remote networks to the
corporate network.

Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol (L2TP) Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol (L2TP) was created by
Cisco and Microsoft to replace L2F and PPTP. L2TP merged the capabilities of both L2F and
PPTP into one tunneling protocol.

Generic Routing Encapsulation (GRE) Generic Routing Encapsulation (GRE) is another

Cisco-proprietary tunneling protocol. It forms virtual point-to-point links, allowing for a
variety of protocols to be encapsulated in IP tunnels.

IPSec. algorithms that allows for secure data transmission over an IP-based network that functions at the
layer 3 network layer of the OSI model.
Secure VPN requirements
 VPN encryption
encryption is the process of transforming
information (referred to as plaintext) using an
algorithm (called cipher) to make it
unreadable to anyone except those possessing
special knowledge, usually referred to as a key.
VPN encryption
VPN integrity
VPN authentication