Professional Documents
Culture Documents
GSM900
DCS1800
1
Objectives
3
Internet Growth Rates
in million
900
800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100 © eTForecasts
0
1989 1990 1995 1999 2000 2002 2005
4
Driving Forces for the Internet Growth
today
5
Components of a GSM network
6
GSM Public Land Mobile Network
BSS NSS
Network Switching
Subsystem PSTN/
• Switching ISDN
• Mobility Management
MS (incl. authentication)
• Connection
Management
• Charging
Base Station Subsystem
• Radio Resource
Management
(incl. Transcoding)
BSS • Radio Link Management
NMS
Network Management
System
• Fault Management
• Configuration
Management
• Performance 7
GSM Public Land Mobile Network
Um
BSS NSS
BTS
A PSTN/
TRAU MSC/VLR GMSC
BSC ISDN
MS BTS
BTS A
TRAU EIR HLR AC
BSC
BTS
BSS
NMS
8
GSM network architecture
Mobile Stations
Base Station Subsystem Network Management System
Base Station
Controller Database Server Network
Planning
Data System
Communication Workstations
Network
Network Measurement
Base System
Transceiver Communications
Stations Server
Network Subsystem
Home Location Register/
Authentication Centre/
Equipment Identity
Register TCP/IP
Data Communications
Digital Cross Server
Connect
PSTN/ISDN
Transcoder Mobile Switching Centre/
Submultiplexer Visitor Location Register
Voice
mail
9
Network Management Subsystem
Unix
Workstations
HLR/AC/EIR
MSC/VLR Database and
Communications
Servers Router
NMS/2000
TCSM
BSC
GSM Network
Data
Communications
Network (DCN)
Tasks of NMS:
• Fault management
• Configuration management
• Performance management
10
Radio Interface Concepts
Duplex Transmission
e
tim
tim
Uplink
Downlink
Uplink
k
Downlink
in
lin
l
Up
wn
Uplink
Do
Downlink
frequency frequency
11
Circuit switched vs. Packet switched
Circuit switched
Packet switched
12
Circuit switched Packet switched
Telepho Data
ne
network networ
s ks
• End-to-end connection (call) • No connection needed
establishment needed
• Resources are shared between
• Dedicated resources (e.g. PCM-tsl) for different user sessions, not
one user are reserved during call dedicated
establishment
• Resources are requested on
• Only 30 - 40% of resources are demand, more efficient use
effectively used for speech transfer
• Packets are not sent in real time ⇒
• Speech is transferred in real time buffering and delay
conte
nt conten
Network t
server
15
Implementor’s View of GPRS Network
Subscriber
Billing Systems
NMS
Integration ???
IT Infrastructure
Internal
DNS
GGSN
Border
Gateway
Help Desk
GPRS Billing DNS
Roaming
NMS
Internet Access
LIG Corporate Access
Inter-Operator GPRS
Backbone Network IP Access External Services,
Routers WAP and others...
Firewalls
Addressing
Authentication
Security
16
GSM Data Services Shortcomings
17
What is GPRS?
18
Overcoming the Bottleneck Um
CS-1 CS-2
CS-3 data rates on
9.05 13.4
15.6 CS-4 on physical channel
kbps kbps (one timeslot)
kbps 21.4
kbps
14
Circuit switched traffic has
priority! 12
10
TCH 8
16 4
14
12
2
10
TCH
8
6 0
4
2 1:00 PM 1:15 PM 1:30 PM 1:45 PM
0
3:00 6:00 9:00 12:00 15:00 18:00 21:00 0:00
20
Overcoming the Bottleneck Um
“capacity on demand”
dynamic allocation of
radio resources to
circuit & packet switched
Multiplexing
several users sharing one
physical channel
Asymmetric
allocation of uplink and
downlink resources
21
Who are the GPRS users?
Private users
• Demand for
value-added
services
• Messaging
• Internet
22
Private users
24
Operator Type 1
• Limited differentiation
Internet possibilities: price, bit rate,
availability, etc.
25
Operator Type 2
Full-Service Operator
• Operator adds value by offering
services with value to the end-
user
SMS,
HSCSD,
GPRS,
3rd generation
26
Key learning points (1/3)
27
Key learning points (2/3)
28
Key learning points (3/3)
29
Review Questions to
„Introduction to GPRS“
30
Review
31
Review
32
Review
33
Review
a) WAP
b) e-mail
c) e-commerce
d) industrial applications – telemetry
e) corporate access
f) gaming
34