What is HVAC ?

HVAC Heating, Ventilation and Air-Conditioning.

Heating The temperature out side is less than inside.

Ventilation Sending the air out from the space and/or

supplying the fresh air into the space.

Air-Conditioning It mean a process by which the temperature,

humidity, flow and purity of the air is controlled
simultaneously to get the required conditions.
 Why do we require air
conditioning?

To improve or control an Industrial process.

To maintain Human comfort.
 Man a heat Machine
Food eaten is the fuel.
Every body movement generates heat even
the blink of an eye.
To maintain 98.6 Degrees Fahrenheit it
rejects heat.
what are modes of Heat Transfer?
Heat Transfer

Conduction
Convection
Radiation
 Conduction: The heat transfer due to conduction
takes place if the two bodies at different
temperatures are in contact with each other. It is also
true if a substance is heated from one end. heat
transfer takes place to the other end by conduction.
Convection: When liquid or gas is heated,
expansion takes place. Due to this it becomes lighter
and rises up. Its place is taken by colder or dense
fluid. This is a continuous process and thus heat
transfer takes place due to these currents and heat is
distributed through the mass.
Radiation: The heat transfer due to radiation takes
place from one body to another without effecting the
medium through which heat travels. Heat flow from
sun to earth takes place in this fashion.
 Human beings are rejecting heat by
Convection, Radiation and Evaporation.
All three methods normally are used at the
same time.
All three methods gives off excess heat.
One method may do more and the other
may do less.
Depending on the surrounding conditions.
 What are the surrounding
conditions ?
Temperature
RelativeHumidity
Air Motion

Change in each of this surrounding

condition will speed up or slow down the
heat rejection or gain.
 Comfort Zone for Human
beings.
What is the best temperature in which all
will feel comfort ?
What is the best relative humidity which
gives you comfort ?
Temperature Range 22-26.5 C
Relative Humidity 30-70% .
 Outside and Inside
A man in out door needs to adjust him self
with his clothing and whims of nature.
A man inside shelter We can control his
comfort.
HOW ?
 By means of HVAC
Openings in the field of HVAC
Marketing
Design
Installation
Commissioning and Testing
Maintenance
Outsourcing
 Fundamentals
Heat Q is the mechanism that transfers
energy across the boundaries of systems
with differing temperatures, always toward
the lower temperature.
Sensible heat factor:
The sensible heat factor is the
ratio of sensible heat to the
total heat. The total heat of air
is the sum of sensible heat and
latent heat.

SHF = SH/TH
 Sensible Heat: It is defined as the amount of heat
required to raise the temperature of 1kg of
substance from 0 C to the desired temperature
without changing its state.
Latent Heat: Latent heat of a substance varies
from its sensible heat as it does not cause any
temperature variation within the body but changes
its state i.e.., from solid to liquid or liquid to gas.
Example: 80 Kcal of heat is absorbed from the
surroundings when 1kg of ice changes into water
at a constant temperature 0 C to freeze it to ice at
the same temperature.
 Units of Refrigeration
The unit of refrigeration is termed as
Tons of refrigeration or simply Tons
and it is equal to the amount of heat
required to enable 1 ton of ice to melt in
24 hours.
In MKS system 1Ton = 3,000 k cal/hour or
50k cal/min.
In British Units 1 Ton = 12,000 BTU/hr.