GIS IN DISASTER MANAGEMENT

CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION TO DISASTER MANAGEMENT

WHAT IS GIS?
ROLES THAT GIS PLAY IN DISASTER MANAGEMENT
GIS AND DATA GATHERING
CASE STUDIES
- case study on flood disaster at Allahabad
- Drought Management by Using GIS
 WHAT IS DISASTER MANAGEMENT?
Disaster management can be defined as the discipline and
profession of applying science, technology, planning and
management to deal with extreme events.

The emphasis of disaster management is prevention and loss

reduction

Disaster management activity is divided into the following phases as

Planning
Mitigation
Preparedness
Response
Recovery
 WHAT IS GIS?

GIS is a computer system used for capturing, storing, querying and analyzing and
displaying geospatial data

GIS FUNCTIONS
Spatial data management
Observation
Analysis
Monitor
ROLES THAT GIS PLAY IN DISASTER MANAGEMENT
Planning
GIS is useful in helping with forward planning.
It provides the framework for planners and disaster managers to view spatial data by
way of computer based maps.

Mitigation
Representation of High risk areas
Facilitates the implementation of necessary action to lessen the impact.

Preparedness
Identification of emergency areas
Make it easier for security and shelters provides to plan the strategies

Response
Provide accurate information on exact location of an emergency situation
Time saving during the determination of trouble areas (Quick Response)
 Recovery
Mapping level of damage
Information related to disrupted infrastructure, number of
persons died or injured and impact on Environment.
GIS and data gathering-
The data required for disaster management is coming from different
scientific disciplines, and should be integrated
Data integration is one of the strongest points of GIS. In general the
following types of data are required:
Data on the disastrous phenomena (e.g. landslides, floods,
earthquakes), their location, frequency, magnitude etc.
Data on the environment in which the disastrous events might take
place: topography, geology, geo-morphology, soils, hydrology, land
use, vegetation etc.
Data on the elements that might be destroyed if the event takes
place: infrastructure, settlements , population, socio-economic data
 CASE STUDY

TITLE: GIS-based disaster management, A case study for

Allahabad Sadar sub-district(India) by S.H. Abbas, R.K.
Srivastava and R.P. Tiwari ( 2009)

JOURNAL :Management of Environmental Quality: An

International Journal,2009

OBJECTIVE
To demonstrate a Geographic Information System (GIS)-
based study on development of District Disaster
Management System for floods for Allahabad Sadar Sub-
District(India)
STUDY AREA

The study area is Sadar, sub-district of Allahabad (India) which

is surrounded by river Ganga and Yamuna
located between 81 45 to 82 latitude and 25 15 to 25 30
longitude

METHODOLOGY

The flood-prone areas have been identified and their

positions are marked using Arc View.
GIS has been exploited to obtain the spatial information for
the effective Disaster Management for flood-affected areas
Fig: Map showing Ganga and Yamuna river around the study area
GIS-based maps for Disaster Management

Various maps were generated for the analysis in the GIS

platform like-

Flood-affected areas of Sadar sub-district

Population density distribution in flood prone areas
Villages having road connectivity ,hospital facility in
flood affected areas
Route map for the disaster prone area
Fig: Map showing areas affected by flood by Ganga and Yamuna river
 Previous shows the road network of villages that are more vulnerable and are
not been connected by main road as well as metal road.
The villages that are not having transport connectivity can be identified.
With the help of above information, one can
provide rescue first to those villages not connected through metal road and
after that provide transportation to metal road connected villages.

Fig: Map showing road connectivity

 If any government agency or any non-governmental organization
wants to provide any type of help to the affected people, they can
follow above generated map for having idea about the requirement.

Village administrator can monitor all flood management operations

using GIS data base

Thus, GIS tool can be beneficial for getting all the relevant information
at the time of occurrence of the disaster, and can help in planning and
management.
 ROLE OF GIS IN DROUGHT

DISASTER MITIGATION PREPAREDNESS RECOVERY RESCUE SATELLITES USED

DROUGHT Risk modelling; Weather Monitoring Informing FEWS NET;

vulnerability forecasting; vegetation; drought AVHRR;
analysis; vegetation damage mitigation. MODIS; SPOT
land and water monitoring; assessment.
management crop water
planning. requirement
mapping;
early warning.

NDVI is calculated from the visible and near-infrared light reflected by

vegetation . Healthy vegetation absorbs most of the visible light that
hits it, and reflects a large portion of the near-infrared light. Unhealthy
or sparse vegetation reflects more visible light and less near-infrared
light
 Calculations of NDVI for a given pixel always result in a number that
ranges from minus one (-1) to plus one (+1); however, no green leaves
gives a value close to zero. A zero means no vegetation and close to +1
(0.8 - 0.9) indicates the highest possible density of green leaves.

NDVI= (NIR-
RED)/(NIR+RED)
where:

NIR= reflectance in
near infrared band

RED= reflectance in
red band
Fig: Pictures showing difference between densely vegetation area
and drought areas