WAAE Animal Science Hands On

Session
Agenda
Introductions
CVTC Scope/Connections
LAB PROCEDURES
-Milk Culturing
-Ketosis
-CMT Test
-Agsource DM
Transcripted Credit Q and A
Give Aways?
CVTC Scope
Lab Ideas We could have gone multiple directions for todays session

Reproductive Tracts, Heart Dissection, Udder, etc.

Get to know local dairy farms
Hooves Great learning opportunities
Milk culturing, CMT, Mast-Detect etc - - Always make this type of
learning full circle
Feed Depending on equipment pH, fermentation, Kjeldahl
Method, Mcal, digestion, ash, NIR and Wet Chem Great
opportunities!!!!
CVTC Coop Farms
Prevention vs. Rx (Producer and MGMT - TN)
 Your Take Home Kit -
Questions?
Some materials used in todays lab session
LAB 1 Milk Culturing On Farm Analysis

If able Check your plates tomorrow

BHBA Blood Test
Ketosis
Ketosis
Occurs in gestating or lactating cattle
Most frequently happens in first 6 wks after calving
Very often affects first-calf heifers, or older cows
KETOSIS
Excessive amounts of ketone bodies found in
urine, blood, milk
Also called:
Acetonemia, hypoglycemia
Cause
Nutritional origin characterized by low blood
sugar
Occurs when intake or the nutrition provided
doesnt meet requirements of the animal
Animal mobilizes its own fat reserves
KETOSIS
Can be handled for brief periods, but excessive time spent
mobilizing own fat reserves results in ketosis
Can use a Keto Stick to test urine for ketone bodies
BHBA Testing
Clinical Signs
Rapid weight loss
Loss of appetite
Acetone smell on the breath
Nervousness
KETOSIS
Prevention
Avoid excessively fat cows at calving
Increase concentrate levels gradually after calving
Avoid abrupt forage changes
Feed high quality hay
Maintain proper CP, min/vit levels
Focus on cow comfort
Temp
Clean, fresh bedding
Good ventilation
LAB 3: CMT Test If time allows.

Parameter
Normal Value
Heart rate
60-70/minute
LAB 4 Web Based Software Real Time
Real Scenarios Free at your fingertips
 Potential Disorders
Ketosis (urine or milk)
Displaced abomasum (DA)
Mastitis
Metritis and endometritis
Lymph nodes
Lameness feet and legs
Lesions mouth, feet, teats
Endemic diseases
Unusual symptoms that could indicate a Foreign or Emerging Disease
 Immune Suppression in Fresh Cows Makes them
susceptible
Salmonella
Clostridium
Pneumonia
 How to identify disease in Fresh Cows: Four areas
of Focus:

1. Temperature

2. Appetite

3. Uterine Discharge

4. Hydration Status
Develop a Systematic Approach
Attitude Udder
eyes and ears Uterus
Appetite Heart Rate
Hydration Lungs
Temperature Rumen
Feet and Legs Manure
Start with Attitude

1 Alert 2 Mildly Depressed 3 Depressed

Monitor - Apetite

1- Aggressive 2 - Normal 3 Not eating

Compare with other cows around her in the
same pen
Hydration Status
Different levels of dehydration
Skin test (skin elasticity)
Eyes
sunken eyes = severe dehydration

Fluid therapy is important in severe

dehydration
Even Normal Looking Cows Must
Be Monitored
Retained Abortion
Placenta (RP)
Twins

Difficulty Calving Milk Fever

(Dystocia) (Low Calcium)
Record Diseases and Treatments for Each
Cow

Dystocia or difficult calving

Milk fever or hypocalcemia
Metritis
Ketosis
Retained placenta or RP
Displaced abomasum or DA
Pneumonia
Mastitis
Lameness
Lesions
Check the Heart
Use stethoscope
(both sides)
Check for:
Heart Rate
Different Sounds
Murmurs

Observe jugular vein:

When distended it is a sign
of heart problems
Check the Rumen
Sounds
Number of Contractions
Displacement
Rumen Distension (Bloat)

Clinical examination of the rumen

includes palpation per rectum

Manure consistency, smell, color, and particle size are good

tools to identify gastrointestinal disorders
 Check the Lungs
Listen to:
Lung sounds
Respiration rate

Observe for:
Nasal discharges
Congestion
Coughing
Associate findings with
other clinical signs
 Interpreting Cow Temperature
Particularly important the first 10 days after calving.

Normal temperature 101.5-102 F (Normal can range up to

103 F if during the heat of the summer)

Elevated temperature > 103 F = indicates an infection

(metritis, mastitis, pneumonia, etc.)

Low temperature < 101 F = may mean the cow has milk
fever, DA, ketosis, or indigestion
Can Fever Be the First Sign of
Infection?

Days Postpartum

Overton et al., 2001

Check the Uterus Collect Uterine
Discharge if able
Note normal or abnormal discharge
Varies by day after calving
Sleeve Cow- check for infection or
abnormalities

Type of uterine discharges

Palpation of the uterus per rectum is a tool to

evaluate uterine discharge and retained placenta
End of Lecture: Day 1 (Dont Forget:
Quiz on E360
Keep track of Fresh
Cow Forms
Materials and
Equipment
HERD HEALTH AND SANITATION

Vaccinations and Protocols

Vaccine tools for the immune system

Killed Vaccines and Toxoids

Modified Live

Chemically Altered
Killed Vaccines/Toxoids/Chemically Altered
Wide variety of Dz protection
No risk of reverting to wild strain
No risk of spread between animals
Little risk of abortion
More stable in storage
No on farm mixing required
Good stimulant for colostrum
More likely to cause allergic
reaction/lumps
Boosters usually required
Slower onset of immunity
May not stimulate as strong or long
lasting immunity
Narrower spectrum of protection vs.
MLV
Blocking by maternal antibodies
problem for young stock
Cost is often higher
Modified Live
One dose can provide protection
More rapid protection
Wider spectrum of protection vs.
Killed
Less likely to cause allergic
reaction/lumps
Not as susceptible to passive antibody
block
Cost usually less vs. Killed
Possible reversion to virulent forms
Disease problems in immune stressed
animals
Possible excessive immune response
Risk of abortion/infertility
Handling and mixing
Vaccine Handling
Follow label
Storage especially refrigeration
FOLLOW LABELS
PREGANCY STATUS, AGE, BOOSTER
Expiration date
Refrigeration after mixing
MLV short life after mixing/temperature effect
Vaccination Procedures
FOLLOW LABEL DIRECTIONS
Route of injection and location
Tent skin for SubQ
Needle length
IM 1-1.5 inch 16 or 18 gauge
SubQ 3/4 inch or 1 inch 16-18 gauge
Spread out injection sites
Change needles every 10-20 head
Vaccination Procedures
Part II
Make sure hide/skin is clean/free of mud and manure
DO NOT USE SKIN DISINFECTANT OR DIP NEEDLE IN DISINFECTANT
WHEN USING A MLV VACCINE
DO NOT MIX VACCINES
FOLLOW QA GUIDELINES ON INJECTION SITES
Adams TOP 15 Vaccines
15 vaccines you need to know about
What are the main vaccines we use protecting against?
Adams TOP 15 Vaccines
Acronyms you should know:
IBR: Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis
BVD: Bovine Viral Diarrhea
BRD: Bovine Respiratory Disease
BRSV: Bovine respiratory syncytial virus
Bovi-Shield Gold Products -
Available in 10 ml, 20 ml, and 100 ml.
BOVI-SHIELD GOLD ONE SHOT offers the longest demonstrated protection of the
combination respiratory vaccines. It helps protect cattle for at least 279 days against
infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) virus and bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) Types 1 and 2
viruses at least 30% longer than Vista Once SQ and longer demonstrated protection
than Pyramid 5 + Presponse SQ, which has no duration of immunity claims.
In one convenient dose, BOVI-SHIELD GOLD ONE SHOT helps:
Provide superior protection against the major respiratory viruses and unmatched
Mannheimia (Pasteurella) haemolytica protection
Prevent bovine respiratory disease (BRD)
Protect your calves through the stress of weaning and transport to another operation
Administer a single 2 mL dose to healthy cattle. To avoid possible maternal antibody
interference with active immunization, calves vaccinated before the age of 6 months should
be revaccinated after 6 months of age or at weaning. 21 day slaughter withhold.
Guardian
Available in 10 and 50 dose.

Recommended for use in healthy pregnant heifers and cows as an aid in the
prevention of neonatal calf diarrhea caused by:
Enterotoxigenic E. coli pilus type K99
Bovine Group A Serotype G6 rotaviruses
Enterotoxemia caused by C. perfringens Types C and D
Used as an aid in the control of:
Neonatal calf diarrhea caused by bovine coronaviruses
Dosage: 2 ml SQ 3 months prior to calving, repeat in 3-6 wks. Revaccinate with
one 2 ml dose 5-7 wks prior to subsequent calving. 60 day slaughter withdrawal.
Salmonella Newport (SRP)
Available in 50 dose

For use in cattle 6 months of age or older as an aid in the control of disease and
fecal shedding caused by infection with Salmonella Newport.

Unique SRP technology creates anibodies that prevent harmful salmonella

bacteria from stealing the iron they need to survive from the host animal. Helps
control new infection, minimizing antibiotic use and discarded milk.

Dosage: 2 mL SQ ahead of the shoulder, repeat in 2-4 weeks. Revaccinate

annually. 60 day slaughter withdrawal.
J5
Available in 20 dose or 50 dose.

Safe to Use in Pregnant Animals.

The three-dose regimen helps stimulate the immune system for

optimum response to help fight clinical E. coli mastitis. For effective
mastitis control, use with high-quality milking practices, sanitation
and nutrition. 60 day slaughter withhold
Piliguard Pinkeye
Available in 10 and 50 dose.
Safe to use in pregnant animals.

For use in healthy cattle four weeks of age or older as an aid in the reduction of
disease associated with infection by Moraxella bovis.

A cell-free bacterin in an oil emulsion adjuvant containing pili from cultures of

Moraxella bovis isolates referred to by Schering-Plough Animal Health as strains
33, 89 and 109 and specifically selected for their ability to cross-react with field
strains.

Dosage: Inject 2 mL SQ in the neck 3 to 6 weeks prior to onset of pinkeye season.

Annual revaccination is recommended. 60 day slaughter hold.
Ultrabac 7
Available in 10 dose and 50 dose.

Safe to Use in Pregnant Animals. Chauvoei- Septicum- Novyi- Sordelli-

Perfringens types C & D Bacterin Toxoid. Helps prevent Enterotoxemia. Also
to help prevent other clostridial, sudden death diseases.

Doses: Cattle: 5 mL sub Q. Sheep: 21 per 2 mL SQ.

Followed by a second dose 4-6 weeks later. 21 day slaughter hold.

Alpha 7
Available in 10 dose and 50 dose.

Finally, a clostridial vaccine that provides maximum 7-way blackleg

protection with the first injection. A 2mL vaccine that delivers
maximum seroconversion with single shot convenience.

Alpha-7 has proven immunity duration through stringent direct

challenge trials conducted under actual feedlot conditions. With
Alpha-7, just once is all it takes. Safe to use in pregnant animals
Cattle Master
Available in 5, 10 and 25 dose.
Safe to use in pregnant animals.

Aids in the prevention of abortion caused by infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) virus, persistently infected
calves caused by bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) virus Types 1 and 2, and respiratory disease caused by IBR virus,
BVD virus Types 1 and 2, parainfluenza 3 (PI3) virus and bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV).

General Directions: Vaccination of healthy cattle is recommended. Aseptically rehydrate the freeze-dried
vaccine with the liquid component provided, shake well and administer 2 mL subcutaneously. In accordance
with Beef Quality Assurance guidelines, products should be administered in the muscular region of the neck.

Primary Vaccination: Administer an initial 2-mL dose, followed by a second 2-mL dose 3 weeks later. As an aid
in preventing IBR-induced abortion and BVD persistently infected calves, administer at approximately 5 and 2
weeks prior to breeding. Calves vaccinated before the age of 6 months should be revaccinated after 6 months
of age.

Revaccination: Annual revaccination with a single dose is recommended. Good animal husbandry and herd
health management practices should be employed
Inforce 3
Available in 25 x1 dose tray, 10 dose, 25 dose, and 50 dose.

Safe to use in pregnant cows and newborn calves.

Intranasal vaccine offers unprecedented respiratory protection with the highest level of
disease prevention available against BRSV, while aiding in the prevention of IBR and PI3.

Safe for beef and dairy cattle of all ages. Calves vaccinated prior to six months of age
should be revaccinated after six months.

Dosage: Administer 2 mL intranasally (IN) using a cannula or a syringe with the needle
removed. Place half the dose (1 mL) in each nostril.

Calf-Guard

Available in trays of 25x1 dose.

For vaccination of healthy newborn calves or pregnant cows as an aid in preventing diarrhea (scours) caused by
bovine rotavirus and bovine coronavirus.

Dosage:
Calves: Remove needle from syringe and administer a single 3 mL dose into the back of the calf's mouth as
possible after birth.
Cows: Administer two doses IM 3-6 weeks apart during late pregnancy. Ideally, the second dose should be
administered within 30 days prior to calving. Revaccinate with 2 doses during each subsequent pregnancy.
Triangle 10
Available in 10 and 50 dose.
Complete protection against major reproductive and respiratory
diseases. Contains type 1 and type 2 BVD strains for broad protection
including the more prevalent type 2 strains. Killed:
IBR
BVD
PI3
BRSV
5-way lepto
Dosage: 5 ml dose SQ or IM. Safe to use in pregnant animals
Neplura PH
Available in 10 and 50 dose.

Provides immunity within 10 days postvaccination against bovine pneumonia caused by

Mannheimia (Pasteurella) haemolytica.

Contains only purified leukotoxin to deliver the strongest immune response with minimal
reactivity.

The advanced technology used to prepare NUPLURA PH means that calves receive the purest
form of antigen for safe, reliable and fast-acting protection.

Dosage: 2 mL dose SQ in the neck following Beef Quality Assurance guidelines. Administer 2 mL
booster dose prior to periods of stress or elevated risk of exposure. 60 slaughter withhold.
Tetanus Toxoid
Available in 10 dose bottle and 10x1 dose vials.

Used for long term protection against tetanus.

Dosage: 1 ml dose IM. Administer a second 1 ml dose 4 to 8 weeks

after the first dose. 21 day slaughter hold.
Vista 5
Available in 5, 10, or 50 dose.

For the vaccination of healthy cattle, 6 months of age or older, as an aid in the control of disease
caused by:
IBR
BVD Types 1&2
PI3
BRSV
Lepto (Including lepto hardjo bovis)
Duration of Immunity has been demonstrated to be at least 182 days for IBR, and at least 183
days for BVD (Types 1 and 2).

Dosage: Inject 2 mL SQ. Only vaccinate healthy cattle that 6 months of age or older. Annual
revaccination is recommended.
Pyramid 10
Available in 5, 10, and 50 dose.

Bacterin to protect against the costly effects of five leptospirosis serovars. Single
dose protection against:
BVD Type 1 and 2
IBR
BRSV
PI3
Dosage: 2 mL SQ or IM. 14 day protection. Safe for use in pregnant cows or calves
nursing pregnant cows, provided the cows were vaccinated pre-breeding,
according to label instructions with Pyramid 5 or Pyramid 10. Calves vaccinated
under 6 months of age should be revaccinated at 6 months of age. Annual
revaccination recommended. 21 day slaughter withhold
HERD HEALTH AND SANITATION

KETOSIS
Course Schedule
Thu, 1.5.17 Fri, 1.6.17 Mon, 1.9.17 Tue, 1.10.17 Wed, Thu, 1.12.17 Fri, 1.13.17 Mon, 1.16.17
1.11.17

Topic Intro Vaccinations/ Transition Cow Dry Cow Close- Antibiotics/ Uncommon Wrapping it up/ In Class Final,
Metabolic Vaccine Schedule Index Up and Far Off Jim Disorders and Review of Presentation,
Disorders Dairy and Beef Keotisis Management Thormodson disease Concepts Meet and Vaccine
Ketosis Metritis/RP Guest Speaker Milk Fever at Hamlin at protocols due
DA Zoetis 1pm
Farm NE Dutch Dairy Jeff Knealy Denmark Dairy Triple T Dairy Mahr City View Backhaus Acres Hamlin Valley In Class Final,
Presentation,
and Vaccine
protocols due

Farm SW Seguins Valley Burnside Dairy Breezy Point Dairy Weiss Family More To Do Hawkins Dairy Hamlin Valley In Class Final,
View Acres Farms Farms Presentation,
and Vaccine
protocols due
Vaccination Review:
With a partner:
Take 5 minutes to create a vaccination protocol by DIM, DCC, or time of year.
I will assign different age/management groups to you.
You must include type of injection, location, dosage, and type of vaccine.
I will select tow groups to share their protocols on the board.

Good Luck
KETOSIS
Feed 4 oz. propylene glycol
Introduce higher grain content in ration before parturition
Treatment
.5 1lb propylene glycol or sodium propionate daily for 5-10d
Provide as a drench if the animal isnt eating
IV glucose solution can also help
Do not exceed 8 oz glycol in a treatment increases the
severity and cow mimics symptoms of milk fever
HERD HEALTH AND SANITATION

Transition Cow Index -

Understanding
TRANSITION COW? WHO IS IT?
Period from about 3 weeks prior to calving until about a month post-
partum
Termination of pregnancy and initiation of lactation
Associated with tremendous hormonal and metabolic changes
Also associated with the majority of disease events in a dairy cows
life
RECORD KEEPING IS KEY
What is going on here?
TCI Equation includes:
How TCI works:
What is going on here?
Summary
TCI can be used to benchmark and monitor transition cow programs
TCI can be to transition cow programs what SCC is to mastitis control
TCI was introduced as part of a Fresh Cow Summary through
AgSource in January 2006.

**** Ramp up your Fresh Cow

Presentations Tell me about Previous
Lactation Info.
HERD HEALTH AND SANITATION

DISPLACED ABOMASUM
Review from Monday
Cause of ketosis explained go
Infusion
Fat to Protein Ratio explainedwith a few examples
Explain New Infection vs. Dry Cow Cure
What is TCI?
How is TCI determined?
Rx for Ketosis
Prevention of Ketosis
Reduction in Cows to Observe

Lets go from 20 to 12.

Good Luck
I will update this number tomorrow if needed.
 Observations:
Temp: 102.3
Cow: 9543 Eyes and Ears appeared
Normal
Farm ID: Hamlin Valley Farms Off Feed
Ketosis: Positive
DIM 23 BHBA: 2.3
No DA Rx
Lact 2 1 Bottle of 50% Dextrose, repeat for
Slight Uterine Discharge
BCS: 3.9 3 days in am. 1 Bottle of lactated Ringers
RPRO Fresh
Teat Cleanliness good Drench 430 ml of Propylene glycol
No Mastitis Present Continue to Monitor
Current Milk # 56
Dehydrated Slight Temp due to uterine
Previous Lact Milk 87 Normal Stool Infection white discharge
Gave 2cc Estrumate will give another
Previous Lact DIM 367 Tomorrow am.
A bit on the heavy side coming into
SCC 197 freshening

Previous Lact SCC 230

Age: 3-11
Displaced Abomasum
DAs, LDAs, RDAs, RTAs

Adult lactating dairy

Production problem

Herd problem [related to nutrition]

Majority of DAs have concurrent diseases

Displaced Abomasum The Facts.
Age: older lactating dairy cattle
Timing: 80% occur during first month after parturition
Nutrition:
Dry cow rations: +DCAD / inadeq efv fiber
Fresh cow: excess NSCs / inadeq efv fiber
Concurrent disease:
40% of DAs have retained placenta, mastitis, or metritis
Displaced Abomasum.. The Facts
Displaced Abomasum.. Why Displaced?
(1) Abomasal atony
(2) Increased abomasal gas production
(1) + (2) => abomasum moves (LDA,RDA)
DA in action
Why do DAs Occur?
Hypocalcaemia due to
+DCAD, [Ca]blood, mastitis, - E balance
7 times more likely to develop DAs
Inadequate effective fiber
VFAs reach abomasum => abomasal hypomotility => HCl refluxes back into
rumen => systemic metabolic alkalosis
Endotoxemia
Released during Gm sepsis (mastitis/metritis)
Gas Production.
Clinical Signs of DA
Normal TPR (most cases)
Partial anorexia (off feed)
Hypogalactia (down in milk ~ 5-10 lb/day)
Depression (ADR)
Secondary ketosis
mild to moderate
Scant stool
firm/loose
undigested particles
Diagnosis of DA
LDA: Ping & Splash
Ascult and percuss
Ping high pitched
Ballottment for splash of fluid
All pings are not created equal rumen ping
Note: ~15% of LDAs
DO NOT PING or ping sporatically
Why check the left side?
Other Right-sided pings:
Uterus, cecum, peritoneum, colon, rectum
off feed ping
DA Treatment

Return Abomasum to proper position

Create a permanent attachment
Correct electrolyte, acid-base, & hydration deficits
Treat other concurrent diseases
Rolling

Cast cow with ropes into right lateral recumbency

Roll onto back & extend the rear legs
Roll in a 90-degree arc for 3 minutes, ending in left
lateral recumbency
Bring the cow to sternal position & allow to stand
Ascult the left thorax to ensure LDA is relieved
After Surgery or Rolling

Isotonic Saline, Lactated Ringers IV to replace deficit

K, Ca salts as needed to correct electrolyte imbalances
Free-choice oral fluids with NaCl, KCl
Antibiotics Will Discuss Tomorrow.

Cost of DA?
Upper 25% of herd: cut em
Middle 50%: tack em
Lower 25%: cull em
HERD HEALTH AND SANITATION

Metritis and Retained Placenta

Retained Placenta

In cattle the fetal membrane are expelled within 12-48 hr

after parturition.
Retention of the placenta for longer period must be
considered
pathological.
Cleaning or Expulsion of Placenta
On the Board..
Direct Causes of RP
1. Infection of the uterus during gestation
2. Brucella abortus, tuberculosis, Vibrio fetus, mold infection
3. Infection of the uterus immediately after partuition
Strept., E. Coli, Staph., Cory. pyogenes.
4. Abortion and premature birth
5. Uterine inertia (primary or secondary)
6. Endocrine disorder
7. Mechanical prevention
How frequent RP

More common in dairy than in beef cattle

The average incidence for all calving 11%
The incidence after normal calving 8%
The incidence after dystocia 25-50%
Retention increase with parity
Manual Treatment of Retained Placenta
See Demonstration

Not Recommended unless absolute

RX of RP
Regardless of the outcome, 2-4 gm terramycine or
20 cc Tetracycline is deposited in the uterus.
This treatment should be repeated on days 3, 6 and
9 postpartum,
When necessary, in addition to manual trial of
loosening the afterbirth.
In all cases as much as possible of the uterine
Infection should be siphoned. Will do this
tomorrow in lab.
When to treat??????????????
HERD HEALTH AND SANITATION

Metritis
Metritis

Disease: Septi metritis

Cause: Coliform,C. Pigeons, Streptcoccen and
Micrococcen
Symptom: Fever, reddish watery vulvar discharge, peritonitis,
arthritis, laminitis
Rx of Metritis

Fever? - Treat with Antibiotics

Severe - Amplicillin or Polyflex
Less Severe - > Excede or Excenel
Infusion of 20cc Tetra for 3 days / 3 days apart.
No Fever Synch Protocol or injections of
Prostaglandin -
What is metritis and what isnt?

Mis Diagnosed
Show samples in class.
One last thing

Draw out a perfect synchronization protocol for fresh cows.

HERD HEALTH AND SANITATION

ANTIBIOTICS AND OTHER FLUIDS

Review..

Facts about DAs

Concurrent Disease
What is the cause of a DA?
RP How do you Diagnose?
Treatment of RP?
Incidence of RP?
Metritis Cause and Rx
Your Synch Protocols.

Draw out a perfect synchronization protocol for fresh cows.

Pumping - Dehydration

Symptoms:
1. Dehydrated
2. Not Enough Rumen Fill
Treatment:
1. 2 five gallon pail of warm water
2. Mix in 2 cups of alfalfa mineral and 2 cups of ymcp plus
3. Pump slowly, stop if cow looks distressed.
Your Final Exam

25% will be on Antibiotics

You need to select the correct medication/supplement for the
diagnosis given in a scenario.
You will need to know withhold, dosage, site of injection, etc.
Adams TOP 15 list of Antibiotics/Supplements
1. Tomorrow
1. Tomorrow

For intramammary infusion in dry cows only. Opti-Sert

protective cap can be removed for full insertion or left on for
partial insertion. Treat all quarters using a single dose syringe
for each. Use no later than 30 days before calving. Milk from
treated cows must not be used for food during the first 72
hrs after calving. 42-day slaughter withdrawal.
2. Propylene Glycol
2. Propylene Glycol

For use as an aid in the prevention and treatment of ketosis

in dairy cattle.

Dosage: Drench with 8 ounces twice daily for 3-4 days, then
4 ounces twice daily for 3 days. May be put on feed.
3. Polyflex - RX
3. Polyflex - RX

25 gram Ampicillin Trihydrate.

Proven effective in the treatment of many infections previously

beyond the spectrum of penicillin therapy. Particularly used in the
treatment of shipping fever and pneumonia in calves and cows.
Dosage: 2mg to 5mg/lb IM once daily. Do not treat more than 7 days.
48 hour milkout. 6 day slaughter withdrawal.
4. Predef 2X
4. Predef 2X

For situations requiring glucocorticoid, anti-inflammatory or

supportive effects, Predef 2X provides 48 hour increased
blood glucose to aid in the management of bovine ketosis,
milk fever and stress associated with severe infections. To be
used in cattle, horses and swine.
Dosage: 1.5cc per 100 lbs IM.
Milk WH= 0
Meat = 7 days
5. Dextrose
5. Dextrose

For use as an aid in the treatment of ketosis and as a source

of carbohydrates.
Dosage: 40 ml per 100 pound IV
No withhold
6. Excede RX
6. Excede RX
It is a broad-spectrum cephalosporin antibiotic active against Gram-positive
and Gram-negative bacteria including B-lactamase-producing strains.

Advantages of Excede include:

Can be used in lactating dairy cows
Advanced, sustained-release formulation
7 days of therapeutic blood concentrations against BRD
Zero-day milk discard
Leads to better carcass quality
Dosage: A single 1.5ml/100lb. SQ injection in the middle third of the posterior
aspect of the ear.
Withholds: Milk = 0 Meat = 13 days
7. Oxytetracycline
 7. Oxytetracycline - RX

Oxytetracycline 200 mg/mL. Long-lasting broad-spectrum

antibiotic for the treatment of a wide range of diseases
caused by susceptible gram-positive and gram-negative
bacteria.
May be used in both beef and dairy cattle as well as
swine. Provides therapeutic blood levels for 3 days.
Dosage: Give 4.5 ml/100lbs. IM or SQ in the neck. Hold milk
96 hrs; Meat 28 days.
8. Flunixamine RX
8. Flunixamine RX
Dairy cattle: Indicated for the control of pyrexia associated with
endotoxemia and acute bovine mastitis. It also is indicated for the
control of inflammation in endotoxemia.
Beef cattle: Indicated for the control of pyrexia associated with bovine
respiratory disease (BRD).
Horses: Recommended for the alleviation of inflammation and pain
associated with musculoskeletal disorders. It also is recommended for
the alleviation of visceral pain associated with colic.
Directions: For IV use only. Cattle must not be slaughtered for human
consumption within four days of the last treatment.
9. Today
9. Today

200 mg cephapirin.

For mastitis treatment in lactating cows. Highly effective

against Strep Ag and Staph Aureus including strains resistant
to penicillin. Treat infected quarters using Opti-Sert
technique with 2 infusions 12 hours apart. Withhold milk for
96 hours after treatment.
10. Spectramast
10. Spectramast
Goes beyond current products to treat Escherichia coli and other
environmental pathogens, which are increasing in importance on
dairies across the country and is labeled for extended use up to 8
days of treatment.
Studies show efficacy against:
E.Coli
Coagulase-negative staphylococci
Streptococcus dysgalactiae
Dosage: Infuse one (1) syringe into each affected quarter. Repeat
this treatment in 24 hours. For extended duration therapy, once
daily treatment may be repeated for up to eight consecutive days
11. Bovikalc
11. Bovikalc

Calcium bolus containing 43g of Calcium as calcium chloride

(quick release) and calcium sulphate (slow release).
After administration, the coating material dissolves in the
rumen and the bolus disintegrates completely within 30
minutes. The calcium chloride is rapidly absorbed while the
calcium sulphate is broken down by the ruminal micro
organisms thus providing a sustained supply of calcium.
12. 23% Calcium Gluconate
12. 23% Calcium Gluconate

Calcium Gluconate 23%. Sterile calcium solution used as an

aid in the treatment of parturient paresis (milk fever) in
cattle.
Dosage: 250 to 500 ml. Administer intravenously or
intraperitoneally. Solution should be warmed to body
temperature and administered slowly
13. Lactated Ringers - RX
13. Lactated Ringers - RX

Available in 1000ml bottle, 1000ml IV bag (Abbott or

Hospira), and 3L IV bag.
For rehydration and the replacement of electrolytes in
horses, cattle, sheep and swine.
Dosage: Cattle And horses 2 to 5 mL per pound of body
weight depending on size and condition of animal, repeated
1 to 3 times daily or as needed.
14. Hypertonic Saline 7.2% RX
14. Hypertonic Saline 7.2% - RX

For use in replacement therapy of sodium chloride and water

which may become depleted in many diseases.
Dosage: 50 to 100 mL per 100 lb bodyweight. Administer IV
or SQ
15. Excenel RTU -RX
15. Excenel RTU- RX
Available in 100 ML or 250 ML bottles.
Ready-to-use injectable ceftiofur hydrochloride that's effective against a
broad spectrum of pathogens that cause bovine respiratory disease
including:
BRD
Shipping fever
Pneumonia
Metritis
Foot rot
Dosage: Cattle: 1 to 2ml / 100# every 24 hrs for 3-5 days. No milk hold;
Hold meat 4 days cattle, 4 days swine. Shake well before using.
16. Draxxin, Resflor, Baytril, Nasalgen, Nuflor

Will discuss these specific calf drugs in Managing Youngstock

and Dry Cows.
HERD HEALTH AND SANITATION

PROTOCOLS TO KNOW
Protocol for a DA
Decide to complete surgery or cull
Isolate and call Vet
Surgery or Roll and Tack
250 ml Propylene Glycol
Polyflex 20cc/1250lbs IM for two days
Pump cow if dehydrated with 10 gallons of water if cow wont
drink or give hypertonic or lactated ringers
Withholds????
Protocol for Ketosis

1. BHBA of 1.2 2.0 250 ml of propylene glycol

2. BHBA greater than 2+ - bottle of dextrose IV
3. Predeft 2X 1.5 cc per 100lbs IM. **If has ketosis that
doesnt clear up after 3 days.
4. Check for DA daily if over 2.0 BHBA
If pumping add propylene glycol to drench
Withholds?????
Pnuemonia

Mild Case:
Excede 1.5 cc per 100 lbs at base of ear
Polyflex 20cc/1200 lbs up to 7 days
Severe Case
Oxytetracycline 200 mg/ml 4.5cc per 100 lbs 10 cc per site every
other day for a max of three treatments.
Pump only if necessary. (Risk vs. Reward)

Withholds?
Down Cow
1. Predeft 2X IM 1.5 cc per 100 lbs
2. Flunixamine IV 2 cc per 100 lbs

Only experienced cattle handlers should move cow.

NO CAMERAS
Put straps if split out

Withholds?????
Mastitis

Milk Culture First!!!

Flaky mastitis get TODAY 2X for three or seven days
Abnormal get spectramast 1x for up to seven days
Clear/Watery Spectramast 1x for up to seven days

Withholds?
Hot Mastitis

Symptoms:
High Temp
Hard quarter or udder
Milk looks watery or brown
Dumpy Looking
Hot Mastitis
Treatment:
Mild:
1. Spectramast one tube for up to 7 days
2. Excede 1.5 cc per 100 lbs base of ear

Severe
1. Spectramast one tube up to 7 days
2. Oxytetracycline 4.5 cc per 100 lbs SQ every other day 10 cc per site, max of
three treatments
3. Pump with 15 gallons of water

WITHHOLDS?????
Hardware

Sudden abrupt changes, no manure or constipated, high

temp 103-104, holding stomach up, look in pain, healthy one
day sick the next.
Treatment:
Excede 1.5cc per 100 lbs
Polyflex 20cc/1250lbs 2X
Magnet Once Only

Withholds?
Pinkeye

1. Oxytetracycline 4.5cc per 100 lbs one treatment. 10 cc

per site SQ
2. Puffer in eye for three days enough to cover eye
completely
OR
3. 1CC polyflex/penicillin directly onto eye.

Withholds??
Lump Jaw

Big lump under jaw bone

Treatment:
Have vet check
Oxytetracycline 4.5cc per 100 lbs 10 cc per site repeat three
times 72 hours apart.

Withholds?????
Milk Fever

Treatment:
Mild/Standing
Bovikalc up to three days if old cow and twins

Severe Down:
23% Calcium IV slowly in vein 500 ML
Bovikalc once up and another 12-24 hours later

Withholds???
Retained Placenta and Metritis

If Temp:
Pull cleanings out if come gently after three days postpartum
Excede 1.5 cc per 100 lbs base of ear retreat 4 days later
Check for ketosis at 7 and 16 DIM
Pump if dehydrated:

Withholds?
Lame Cows
Treatment:
Hoof Trimmer
White Line Block Foot
Ulcers Block Foot
Warts tetracycline paste
Swollen Excede or Excenel 1.5 ml per 100 lbs at the base of the ear
Hoof Rot Excede or Excenel 1.5 ml per 100 lbs at the base of the ear

Withholds:
Adams TOP 15 list of Antibiotics/Supplements