Angular Leaf Spot Fruit Infection

Angular Leaf Spot

Key Points

Pathogen: Pseudomonas syringae pv. lachrymans

Symptoms
Leaf lesions bounded by veins - angular appearance
Lesions dry, turn tan, and drop out - tattered leaves
Fruit lesions small, circular, water-soaked spots
Extensive internal rot of fruit may also be present
Favored by warm, humid conditions
May be seed-borne
Spread via rain splash, insects, human activity and
farm machinery
May overwinter in infected crop residues
Cucurbit Diseases - Angular Leaf Spot
Control Strategies
Use pathogen-free seed
Rotate crops - 2 year minimum between cucurbit
crops
Irrigation to avoid prolonged wetting of foliage and
fruit
Avoid fields when foliage is wet
Season ending sanitation
Bacterial Bean Problems

Common Blight

Bacterial Brown Spot

Halo Blight.
 Common Blight
The bacterial lesion is caused by the
bacterium Xanthomonas phaseoli.

The large lesion on this leaf started out as

a water-soaked area and eventually
became necrotic as seen here.

Lesions are found on the margins of the

leaves as well as on the inner part of the
blade. The lesions are irregular in shape
and frequently surrounded by a narrow
yellow halo.
The entire leaf may become necrotic, but
remains attached to the plant.

Pod symptoms consist of lesions that are more circular, sunken, and red-brown in
color. If humidity is high, one may notice bacterial ooze forming on the pod lesions.
Bacterial Brown Spot

This disease is caused by the bacterium

Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae.

This bacterium has a very wide host range

that includes many other legumes.

Lesions are generally smaller and more

circular than with Common Blight, but
when they coalesce they can resemble
Common Blight lesions.

At times the necrotic tissue falls out

resulting in a shot-hole appearance.
Bacterial Brown Spot - Pod

Lesions on the pods are generally small and reddish-brown in color.

Pod lesions frequently cause the pod to bend in the area of the lesion
since the developing pod continues to grow on the side of the pod opposite
the lesion.
Bacterial Brown Spot - Pod
 Halo Blight
A bacterium that causes halo blight is Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola.
Halo Blight
 Bacterial Diseases of Snap Bean

Pathogens and symptoms :

bacterial brown spot - Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae
- brown lesions of varying size, lack halos
common blight - Xanthomonas campestris pv. phaseoli -
lesions become large, dry, dark brown, coalesce
halo blight - Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola -
small brown lesions, surrounded by large chlorotic halo
Survival and transmission:
all three may be carried via the seed
pathogens enter host plants through both wounds, natural
openings
inoculum disseminated by wind driven rain and irrigation
pathogens survive on a number of leguminous hosts
Bacterial Diseases of Snap Bean
Control Strategies

Eliminate weeds and volunteer bean hosts

Use pathogen-free seed or resistant varieties
Use a two-year rotation with a non-host crop
For commercial production use currently
registered chemical controls
 ANGULAR LEAF SPOT OR BACTERIAL BLIGHT OF
COTTON

Angular leaf spot of cotton is caused by Xanthomonas

campestris pv. malvacearum.
The disease is present wherever cotton is grown.
Small, round, water-soaked spots appear on the undersides
of cotyledons and young leaves and on stems of seedlings
soon after emergence.
Most leaves and plants are killed. In later stages, the spots
on leaves appear as angular, brown to black lesions of
varying sizes.
In some varieties, bacteria enter and kill parts of the veins
and adjacent tissues.
Infected leaves of some varieties turn yellow, curl, and fall.
Angular spots and necrotic veins on cotton leaves (top) and sunken
circular spots on cotton bolls (Bottom) caused by the cotton blight
bacterium Xanthomonas campestris pv. malvacearum.
 On young stems the lesions become long and black,
which has given the name black arm to the disease.
Stem lesions sometimes girdle and kill the stems.
Angular to irregular black spots also develop on young
cotton bolls.
Bacteria overwinter in or on the seed, on the lint, and
on undecomposed plant debris.

Control
Control is through the use of disease-free or treated
seed and resistant varieties.