Global Warming

Will Human-Induced Climate

Change Destroy the World?
 Program Objectives Schedule
Name of Program: Global Warming.

Duration: 45 Min.

Residential/Non-residential : Non-residential

Date: 26-02-2011

Venue: Seminar -1, AMDC

No of Participates: 16

Profile of Participates: Senior Managers of Adani Group of Industries.

Program Objective: Educate people about Global Warming Effects and its
Prevention
 What is global warming?

Global warming is the increase in the average

temperature of the Earth's near-surface air and oceans
since the mid-20th century and its projected continuation.
 Introduction
Is the world getting warmer?
If so, are the actions of mankind to
blame for earths temperature
increases?
What can/should be done about these
issues?
Are the potential resolutions worth the
cost to implement them?
 Earths Temperature
Solar

Sun Energy

Solar

Energy
Sun Greenhouse Effect
Greenhouse effect
 Earths Atmospheric Gases
Nitrogen (N2) Non-
Greenhouse
99%
Oxygen (O2) Gases

Water (H2O)

Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Greenhouse

1%
Gases
Methane (CH4)
 Greenhouse Gases
Earth's most abundant greenhouse
gases are:
water vapor 3670%
carbon dioxide 926%
methane 49%
nitrous oxide
ozone 37%
CFCs (an organic compound that
contains carbon, chlorine, and fluorine)
 Worldwide Carbon Emissions
8
Carbon (109 metric tons)

Total
7 Liquid fuel
6 Solid fuel
Gas fuel
5
4
3
2
1
0
1750 1800 1850 1900 1950 2000
Year
 Historic Los Angeles
Temperatures
Annual Temperatures Summer Temperatures Winter Temperatures
22 25 17

21 24 16

20 23 15
Temperature (C)

19 22 14

18 21 13

17 20 12

16 19 11

15 18 10
1880 1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000 1880 1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000 1880 1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000
Year Year Year
 Annual Carbon Emissions
8
Carbon (109 metric tons)

Annual carbon emissions

Atmospheric CO2
6 Atmospheric CO2 average

0
1955 1965 1975 1985 1995 2005
Year
Temperature History of the Earth

Sea surface temperatures rose 5-8C

Causes
Increased volcanism
Rapid release of methane from the oceans
Recent Temperature
Changes
 Hockey Stick Controversey
Temperature Change (C)

0.6
Direct temperature measurements
0.4 Mann et al. 1999
0.2
0
-0.2
-0.4
-0.6
-0.8
1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000
Year
 Ice Sheets Melting?
GRACE (gravity measured by satellite)
found melting of Antarctica equivalent
to sea level rise of 0.4 mm/year (2
in/century)
Zwally, 2005 (satellite radar
altimetry)
confirmed Antarctica melting
Greenland ice melting on
exterior, accumulating inland
(higher precipitation)
Melting Glaciers Mt. Kilimanjaro
Changes in Antarctica Ice Mass
1000
800
600
Ice Mass (km3)

400
200
0
-200
-400
-600
2003 2004 2005
Year
Consequences of
Global Warming
 Rise in Sea Levels?
Present rate is 1.8 0.3 mm/yr (7.4
in/century)
Accelerating at a rate of 0.013 0.006
mm/yr2
If acceleration continues, could result
in 12 in/century sea level rise
Scenarios claiming 1 meter or more
rise are unrealistic
 Increase in Hurricanes?
15
SST/SPDI (meters3/sec2)

Two studies
Data Unreliable
showed the total number
of hurricanes has not changed
However, the intensity of hurricanes
10
has increased (more category 4 and 5
hurricanes and cyclones)
5Probably due to higher sea surface
temperatures (more Scaled August-October
energy)
Sea-Surface Temperature
Difficult to know if this trend
Adjusted will Storm
Atlantic
Power Dissipation Index
0continue
1860 1880 1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000 2020
 How Much Temperature
Increase?

Minimum at 1.5C and maximum at

4.5C or 6.2C
 Wildlife Effects
Polar Bears
Require pack ice to live
Might eventually go extinct in the wild
Sea turtles
Breed on the same islands as
their birth
Could go extinct on some islands
as beaches are flooded
Other species may go extinct as rainfall
patterns change throughout the world
 Effect on Humans
More deaths from heat
Cooler temperatures in North Atlantic
Precipitation changes
Droughts and famine (some areas)
Expanded arable land in Canada, Soviet Union
 Drought in Africa
Lake Faguibine Lake Chad
GROUP DISCUSSION
 Possible Solutions to
Control Global Warming
Mitigation of Global Warming
Conservation
Reduce energy needs
Recycling
Alternate energy sources
Nuclear
Wind
Geothermal
Hydroelectric
Solar
Fusion?
 Waste Disposal Practices
Older, poorly-designed or poorly-managed landfills can create
a number of adverse environmental impacts.
We have to improve our waste disposal practices specially
solid, liquid and air wastages.
 Water Pollution
Control or eliminate water pollution.

Organic water pollutants include:

Detergents
Disinfection by-products
Food processing waste
Insecticides and herbicides
Petroleum hydrocarbons
Tree and bush debris from logging operations
Various chemical compounds found in
personal hygiene and cosmetic products
 Air Pollution
We need to control air pollution by reducing source of green
house gases and increase plantation.
Sources of air pollution refer to the various locations, activities
or factors which are responsible for the releasing of pollutants
in the atmosphere.
 Light Pollution
It is always requested to reduce excessive use of
light or obtrusive artificial light.
 Deforestation
In many countries, deforestation is an ongoing issue
that is causing extinction, changes to climatic
conditions, desertification (the extreme deterioration
of land), and displacement of indigenous people.
The water cycle is also affected by
deforestation
 Take Care During Uses
Reduce, Reuse and Recycle Properly.

Use compact fluorescent bulbs:

Replace three frequently used light
bulbs with compact fluorescent
bulbs and save energy.

Use the "Off" Switch.

Save Water .

Plant a tree

Bring Cloth Bags to the Market.

World top 10 renewable electricity producers
 Kyoto Protocol
Adopted in 1997
Cut CO2 emissions by 5% from 1990
levels for 2008-2012
Symbolic only, since cuts will not
significantly impact global warming
 Storage of CO2 in Geological Formations
1. Depleted oil and gas reservoirs
2. CO2 in enhanced oil and gas recovery
3. Deep saline formations (a) offshore (b) onshore
4. CO2 in enhanced coal bed methane recovery
1 4
3b
3a
2

Adapted from IPCC SRCCS Figure TS-7

 IF WE ARE NOT THINKING
ABOUT OUR HOME EARTH
THEN WAIT THE FUTURE OF
EARTH.
 Warning

How could I look my

grand-children in the
eye and say I knew
about this and I did
nothing?
Sir David Attenborough
 Conclusions
Global warming is happening
Most warming is probably the result of
human activities
There will be positive and negative
(mostly) repercussions from global
warming
The costs to mitigate global warming
will be high better spent elsewhere?
 THANKS
Get Educated: Educate yourself about global warming.