EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF

COMBUSTION, EMISSION AND VIBRATION

CHARACTERISTICS OF DIESEL ENGINE USING
BIODIESEL
By

Mr A. VENKATA SWAMI

Research Scholar
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Kakinada

Under the guidance of

Dr. RAVI KUMAR NARADASU
Supervisor,
Professor, MED, MVGRCE.

&
Dr. A. SWARNA KUMARI
Co-supervisor,
Professor, MED, JNTUK
 OUTLINE OF WORK
SEMINAR-I
PREPERATION OF BIODIESEL THROUGH

TRANSESTERIFICATION PROCESS.

SEMINAR-II
EXPERIMENTAL WORK WITH BIODIESEL

SEMINAR-III
 Alternative fuel

Preparation of Biodiesel

Earlier research work

Research gaps

Definition of the problem

Experimental set-up

Results and discussion

Conclusions
 NOMENCLATURE
DF Diesel fuel

CE Conventional engine

bTDC Before top dead centre

EGT Exhaust gas temperature

BMEP Brake mean effective pressure

BTE Brake thermal effiency

BSEC Brake specific energy consumption

PP Peak pressure

MRPR Maximum rate of pressure rise

TOPP Time of occurrence of peak pressure

 ALTERNATIVE FUEL

An alternative fuel can be defined as any

material or substance, other than

conventional or fossil like petroleum, coal.

NEED OF ALTERNATIVE FULES
Fast depletion of fossil fuels due to large usage
in agriculture sector & transport sector .

Increase of pollution levels in environment and

health hazards with fossil fuels due to smoke
NOx levels.

Increase of fuel prices in international market.

 ALTERNATIVE FUELS
Vegetable oil

High viscosity is major issue .

Alcohol

low Cetane number ia major issue.

Biodiesels

Higher Cetane Number and improves the ignition

quality
 Biodiesel
Biodiesel is Methyl or Ethyl Ester of fatty acid made from virgin or vegetable

oils(Both Edible and Non Edible ) and animal fats.

Neat (100%) biodiesel contains no petroleum, but it can be blended at any level with

diesel to create biodiesel blends.

Biodiesel operates in compression ignition(diesel) engine with no engine

modifications.

Biodiesel properties are similar to diesel fuels.

 Biodiesel
The use of biodiesel in conventional diesel engines results in substantial reduction

of unburnt hydrocarbons, CO, particulate matter(PM) emissions.

Biodiesel is considered a clean fuel since it has no sulfur, no aroma and has about

10% oxygen content which helps it to burn fully.

The constant shortage of fuel attracted the attention of various academics and

governments to the issue of energy crisis and the use of bio fuels like biodiesel.

The main reasons for the people shifting their interest to biodiesel were the rising

prices of oil, emission of the green house gases and rural development.
 Blends of biodiesel

Biodiesel has been accepted as clean alternate fuel by the U.S. and at present, its

production is about 100 million gallons. Soya bean oil is used as a raw material .

Sunflower, rape seed oils etc. are used as raw materials in Europe.

Thailand uses palm oil, while Ireland uses frying oil and animal fats.

In India, Jatropha, Pongamia, Mahua, and Linseed are used as raw material for the

production of biodiesel.

The viscosity of boidiesel is higher and is reported to lead to a gum formation on the

injector, cylinder liner if used in its neat form.

Blends are used to reduce the viscosity of biodiesel.

 Scope of biodiesel in India

In India, it appears that non-edible oils are the choice feed stock for biodiesel
production.
Jetropa Caracus seems to be the most potential candidate considering its favourable
properties.
Some reports indicate that Jetropa gives yields varying from 1.5 tonnes/hectare to as
high as 12 tonnes /hectare.
Research effort should continue for identifying new and potential sources of raw
material like Mahua, Pongamia and Linseed.
 EARLIER RESEARCH

LITERATURE REVIEW

RESEARCH GAPS
 LITERATURE REVIEW
1. Multi response optimization of diesel engine performance parameters using Thumba

biodiesel - diesel blend by applying Taguchi Method and Grey relational analysis. Int J

Automotive Tech 2011, DOI: 10.1007/s12239-011-0070-4

 RESEARCH GAPS
Less reports are available on experimental work
of biodiesel with conventional engine in
measuring parameters like combustion, emission
and vibration characteristics
SCIENTIFIC SIGNIFICANCE
OF THE WORK
 DEFINITION OF THE PROBLEM
To evaluate combustion, emission and vibration
charecterstics of the C.I engine
Engine configuration
i. Conventional engine
Fuel used
i. Diesel
ii. Biodiesel
 Material Properties

Viscosity at 25oC Specific Cetane Low

Test Fuel (Centi-Stroke ) gravity at number Calorific
25oC value
(kJ/kg)
Diesel 2.5 0.82 51 42000
 EXPERIMENTAL SET-UP
EXPERIMENTAL SET-UP

SPECIFICATIONS OF THE TEST ENGINE

 Experimental Set-up
1. Part names
Line diagram of the
experimental setup in
the lab required
Photographic View Of The Experimental Setup Employed For Pure Diesel Operation.
 Specifications of the Test engine
Description Specification
Engine make and model

Maximum power output at a speed of 1500 rpm

Number of cylinders cylinder position stroke

Bore stroke

Engine Displacement

Method of cooling

Rated speed ( constant)

Fuel injection system

Compression ratio

BMEP @ 1500 rpm at full load

 Measurement of particulate matter and
nitrogen oxides Nox
Specifications of the Smoke meter

Measuring Principle
Pollutant Range Least Count Repeatability

Pressure transducer AVL Austria: QC34D

 Measurement vibration

Specifications of the vibration measuring meter

Measuring Principle
Pollutant Range Least Count Repeatability
Shaft encoder

P- software for combustion

characteristics
METHODOLOGY
 OBSERVATIONS IN THE EXPERIMENT
FUEL CIRCUIT
tf = Time for 10 cc of fuel measured using stop watch in second
AIR CIRCUIT
d = diameter of orifece
h1 h2 = height of mercury column of U-tube manometer in cm
T1 = Temperature of the inlet Air in oC
T2 = Temperature of the exhaust gas in oC
WATER CIRCUIT
T3 = Temperature of water before entering in to the engine oC
T4 = Temperature of water while leaving from the engine oC
tw = Time for 1liter of water leaving from the engine using stop in
watch second
ELECTRICAL DYNAMOMETER LOADING
V = Voltage in volt I = Current in amper
P- SOFTWARE FOR COMBUSTION CHARACTERISTICS
To measure PP,TOPP & MRPR
FORMULAE USED
 Preparation of biodiesel
Four stages involved in this preparation of biodiesel.

1. Acid Treatment

2. Base Treatment

3. Separation of Glycerol

4. Quality Check
Water Treatment
Methanol Test
 Materials for preparation of biodiesel

Jars of 2 litre capacity - 2 Nos

Magnetic Stirrer and 1 pellet

Decanters of 1 litre capacity - 2 Nos

Linseed oil

Methanol - 5 liter

Concentrated sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and

Sulphuric acid.
ACID TREATMENT
Add figures
BASE TREATMENT
Add figures
THANKYOU