PRACTICAL RESEARCH

TOPIC 2
Engr. RODRIGO P. CALAPAN
NATURE of RESEARCH
and INQUIRY
 DEFINITION OF RESEARCH

Research is the formal, systematic application of scholarship,

disciplined inquiry, and most often the Scientific Method to the study
of problems.

Research is a systematic process of solving problem or finding answer

to an inquiry.

Research is a scientific, experimental, or inductive manner of thinking

CHARACTERISTICS OF RESEARCH

Empirical - based on observations and experimentation

on theories.
Systematic - follows orderly and sequential procedure.
Controlled - all variables except those that are
tested/experimented upon are kept constant.
Employs hypothesis - guides the investigation process
CHARACTERISTICS OF RESEARCH

Analytical - There is critical analysis of all data used so

that there is no error in their interpretation
Objective, Unbiased, & Logical - all findings are logically
based on empirical
Employs quantitative or statistical methods - data are
transformed into numerical measures and are treated
statistically
 AIMS OF RESEARCH
Verification of Existing Knowledge
Proving / Verifying the Veracity of Existing theories or
knowledge
Acquisition of New Knowledge
Brings forth new ideas regarding a theory or even create a
totally new theory
Application of New Knowledge
Utilize and translate to something useful to humankind
Advancement of the Researchers Problem
Gain relevant experiences that enhance and deepen their
knowledge and skills in the area of their investigation
WHAT IS TO LOOK FOR IN THE
RESEARCH PROCESS?
 TYPES OF RESEARCH

Basic Research
involves developing and testing theories and hypotheses that are
intellectually challenging to the researcher but may or may not have
practical application at the present time or in the future.

Applied Research
is done to solve specific, practical questions; for policy formulation,
administration and understanding of a phenomenon. It can be
exploratory, but is usually descriptive. It is almost always done on
the basis of basic research
 TYPES OF RESEARCH

Qualitative
is primarily exploratory research. It is used to gain an understanding
of underlying reasons, opinions, and motivations. It provides
insights into the problem or helps to develop ideas or hypotheses for
potential quantitative research

Quantitative
is used to quantify the problem by way of generating numerical data
or data that can be transformed into useable statistics. It is used to
quantify attitudes, opinions, behaviors, and other defined variables
and generalize results from a larger sample population.
 STANDARDS QUALITATIVE QUANTITATIVE
Mental Survey of Results from social Exists in the Physical
reality interactions World
Cause Effect Explained by peoples Revealed by automatic
Relationships objective desires descriptions of
circumstances or
conditions
Researchers Subjective; Objective; least
Involvement with the Sometimes personally involvement by the
object or subject of engaged researcher
the study
Expression of Data, Verbal language Numerals, Statistics
Data Analysis, and (words, visuals,
Findings objects)
Research Plan Takes place as the Plans all research
research proceeds aspects before
gradually collecting data
 STANDARDS QUALITATIVE QUANTITATIVE
Behavior toward Desire to preserve the Control or manipulation
research aspects/ natural setting of of research conditions
conditions research features by the researcher
Obtaining Knowledge Multiple Methods Scientific Method
Purpose Make social intentions Evaluates objective
understandable sand examines cause-
effect relationships
Data-Analysis Thematic codal ways, Mathematical Based
Technique competence-based Methods
Style of Expression Personality, lacks Impersonal, Scientific,
formality or Systematic
Sampling Technique More inclined to Random sampling as
purposive sampling or the most preferred
use of chosen samples
based on some criteria
 TYPES OF RESEARCH

Experimental Research
is an objective, systematic, controlled investigation for the purpose
of predicting and controlling phenomena and examining probability
and causality among selected variables.

Non Experimental Research

is the label given to a study when a researcher cannot control,
manipulate or alter the predictor variable or subjects, but instead,
relies on interpretation, observation or interactions to come to a
conclusion.
 CLASSIFICATION EXPERIMENTAL
RESEARCH

True Experimental Research or Quasi- Experimental

Research

Laboratory Research or Field Research

 Research Design of Experimental
Research
1. Specify the problem
2. Formulate the research problem or hypothesis
3. Determine the independent and dependent variables
4. Select participants
5. Decide on the specific type of experimental research
6. Conduct the experiment
7. Collect, analyze and interpret results
 Characteristics of Non-
Experimental Research

It is incapable of establishing cause-effect relationships; by itself.

It involves various ways of data analysis:
Primary
Secondary
Meta-analysis
It uses research method that is applicable to both qualitative and
quantitative data
It collects data through survey, observation, historical studies , case
studies, etc
Determine whether Inquiry or Research
is applicable to the following given
situations.
1. A person wants to know the
occupant of one condominium.
2. A student wants to know the
medicinal effects of guava leaves.
3. Mr. Cruz wants to know the
technique to make his electric fan
function instantly.
4. Prof. Gomez wants to discover
the impact of social networking on
his students learning abilities.
5. Aling Rosa wants to know the
reason behind the decrease of her
sales for the day.
6. A business man wants to find out
which between these two marketing
strategies: free tasting and attractive
packaging, could increase daily sales.
THANK YOU