Professional Documents
Culture Documents
AB IA IB -
O ii Anti A and B
Blood Groups
Rh positive None
Rh negative Anti- D
Selection of Blood
Red cell transfusion
There must be ABO and Rh D
compatibility between the donors red cells
and the recipients plasma.
Group A individuals can receive blood from Group A
and O donors
Group B individuals can receive blood from Group B
and O donors
Symptoms
Pruritus (itching)
Guidelines for the recognition of acute
transfusion reactions
release of histamine
Allergic Transfusion Reaction
Uncomplicated allergic transfusion
reaction
45% of all transfusion Reaction
Anaphylactoid reaction
1%-3% of transfusion
Anaphylaxis
0.002%-0.005% per transfused product
Allergic Transfusion Reaction
Allergic transfusion reaction
Urticaria (diffuse or local)
Discontinue temporarily but need not be
stopped
Stopped if with other systemic
manifestation such as hypotension, GI
manifestation
Anti histamines
Allergic Transfusion Reaction
Anaphylactoid Anaphylaxis
reaction Severe form (life
Mild form of: threatening
Fever Fever
Chills Chills
Nausea
Nausea
Vomiting
Vomiting
Diarrhea
And/or Diarrhea
Urticaria And/or Urticaria
Allergic Transfusion Reaction
Anaphylaxis (life threatening)
May include several systems
Respiratory (cough, wheezing, chest
tightness)
GI (vomiting, diarrheas, nausea)
Circulatory (arrhythmias)
Ig A deficiency
Allergic Transfusion Reaction
Treatment
Stop transfusion
Depends upon severity
Hypotension fluids, epinephrine
Bronchospasm B2 agonist, Theophyline
Post transfusion purpura
Thrombocytopenia 5 to 21 days
Patient makes an alloantibody in response
to platelet antigens in the transfused blood
that for a period of time (7-48days) causes
destruction of autologous antigen-negative
platelets.
Sign/Symptoms: Thrombocytopenia that is
frequently profound, purpura, or bleeding
Post transfusion purpura
Treatment
Platelet transfusion is of very little value -
should be reserved for patients with active
bleeding.
Therapeutic plasma exchange may be
beneficial.
Transfusion related Acute Lung
Injury
Rare
Mortality: 10%
Abrupt onset of non cardiogenic
pulmonary edema
Rapid failure of pulmonary function usually
presents within 1 to 4 hours of starting
transfusion, with diffuse opacity on the
chest X-ray.
Transfusion related Acute Lung
Injury
Presence of antibodies in the donor
plasma reactive to recipient leukocyte
antigens
Temperature Dyspnea
higher than 38.5 Diarrhea
Rigors Shock
Hypotension Oliguria
Nausea DIC
Vomiting
Bacterial Infections
Platelet concentrate (common)
8-80 per 100000 units transfused
(random)
Symptoms
Symptoms may begin during or shortly after
transfusion or begin up to 2 weeks after
transfusion:
Fever, Chills, Hypotension
Viral Infections
Hepatitis
Hepatitis A
Rare
1:1million
Hepatitis B
1:63000
Hepatitis C
Hepatitis D
Viral Infections
Human Herpes Infection
CMV
EBV