THE WEB BROWSER

MOST FAMOUS WEB

BROWSERS
 WHAT IS A WEB BROWSER?

A web browser, or simply "browser," is an application used to access and

view websites. Common web browsers include Microsoft Internet Explorer,
Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, and Apple Safari.
The primary function of a web browser is to render HTML, the code used to
design or "mark up" webpages. Each time a browser loads a web page, it processes
the HTML, which may include text, links, and references to images and other items,
such as cascading style sheets and JavaScript functions. The browser processes
these items, then renders them in the browser window.
 Early web browsers, such as Mosaic and Netscape Navigator, were simple
applications that rendered HTML, processed form input, and supported bookmarks.
As websites have evolved, so have web browser requirements. Today's browsers are
far more advanced, supporting multiple types of HTML (such as XHTML and HTML
5), dynamic JavaScript, and encryption used by secure websites.
The capabilities of modern web browsers allow web developers to create highly
interactive websites. For example,Ajax enables a browser to dynamically update
information on a webpage without the need to reload the page. Advances in CSS
allow browsers to display a (responsive website| responsive_web_design) layouts
and a wide array of visual effects. Cookies allow browsers to remember your
settings for specific websites.
While web browser technology has come a long way since Netscape, browser
compatibility issues still remain a problem. Since browsers use different rendering
engines, websites may not appear the same across multiple browsers. In some cases,
a website may work fine in one browser, but not function properly in another.
Therefore, it is smart to install multiple browsers on your computer so you can use
an alternate browser if necessary.
 TECH TERMS

Web pages are what make up the World Wide Web. These documents are written in
HTML (hypertext markup language) and are translated by your Web browser. Web
pages can either be static or dynamic. Static pages show the same content each time
they are viewed. Dynamic pages have content that can change each time they are
accessed. These pages are typically written in scripting languages such as PHP, Perl, ASP,
or JSP. The scripts in the pages run functions on the server that return things like the
date and time, and database information. All the information is returned as HTML
code, so when the page gets to your browser, all the browser has to do is translate the
HTML.
Please note that a Web page is not the same thing as a Web site. A Web site is a
collection of pages. A Web page is an individual HTML document. This is a good
distinction to know, as most techies have little tolerance for people who mix up the
two terms.
 An application, or application program, is a software program that runs on your
computer. Web browsers, e-mail programs, word processors, games, and utilities
are all applications. The word "application" is used because each program has a
specific application for the user. For example, a word processor can help a student
create a research paper, while a video game can prevent the student from getting
the paper done.
A website, or Web site, is not the same thing as a Web page. Though the two
terms are often used interchangeably, they should not be. So what's the difference?
To put it simply, a Web site is a collection of Web pages. For example, Amazon.com
is a Web site, but there are millions of Web pages that make up the site. Knowing
the difference between these two terms can save you a lot of embarrassment.
HTML stands for "Hypertext Markup Language." HTML is the language used to
create webpages. "Hypertext" refers to the hyperlinks that an HTML page may
contain. "Markup language" refers to the way tags are used to define the page
layout and elements within the page.
 A link (short for hyperlink) is an HTML object that allows you to jump to a new location when you click
or tap it. Links are found on almost every webpage and provide a simple means of navigating between
pages on the web.
CSS stands for "Cascading Style Sheet." Cascading style sheets are used to format the layout of Web
pages. They can be used to define text styles, table sizes, and other aspects of Web pages that previously
could only be defined in a page's HTML.
CSS helps Web developers create a uniform look across several pages of a Web site. Instead of defining
the style of each table and each block of text within a page's HTML, commonly used styles need to be
defined only once in a CSS document. Once the style is defined in cascading style sheet, it can be used by
any page that references the CSS file. Plus, CSS makes it easy to change styles across several pages at
once. For example, a Web developer may want to increase the default text size from 10pt to 12pt for fifty
pages of a Web site. If the pages all reference the same style sheet, the text size only needs to be changed
on the style sheet and all the pages will show the larger text.
While CSS is great for creating text styles, it is helpful for formatting other aspects of Web page layout as
well. For example, CSS can be used to define the cell padding of table cells, the style, thickness, and color
of a table's border, and the padding around images or other objects. CSS gives Web developers more
exact control over how Web pages will look than HTML does. This is why most Web pages today
incorporate cascading style sheets.
 JavaScript is a programming language commonly used in web development. It was originally developed by Netscape as a means to add dynamic
and interactive elements to websites.While JavaScript is influenced by Java, the syntax is more similar to C and is based on ECMAScript, a
scripting language developed by Sun Microsystems.
JavaScript is a client-side scripting language, which means the source code is processed by the client's web browser rather than on the web
server. This means JavaScript functions can run after a webpage has loaded without communicating with the server. For example, a JavaScript
function may check a web form before it is submitted to make sure all the required fields have been filled out. The JavaScript code can produce
an error message before any information is actually transmitted to the server.
Like server-side scripting languages, such as PHP and ASP, JavaScript code can be inserted anywhere within the HTML of a webpage. However,
only the output of server-side code is displayed in the HTML, while JavaScript code remains fully visible in the source of the webpage. It can also
be referenced in a separate .JS file, which may also be viewed in a browser.
Below is an example of a basic JavaScript function that adds two numbers. The function is called with the parameters 7 and 11. If the code below
were included in the HTML of a webpage, it would display the text "18" in an alert box.
<script>
function sum(a,b)
{
return a + b;
}
var total = sum(7,11);
alert(total);
</script>
JavaScript functions can be called within <script> tags or when specific events take place. Examples include onClick, onMouseDown, onMouseUp,
onKeyDown, onKeyUp, onFocus, onBlur, onSubmit, and many others. While standard JavaScript is still used for performing basic client-side
functions, many web developers now prefer to use JavaScript libraries like jQuery to add more advanced dynamic elements to websites.
 A bookmark is a saved shortcut that directs your browser to a specific webpage. It stores the
title, URL, and favicon of the corresponding page. Saving bookmarks allows you to easily access
your favorite locations on the Web.
XHTML Stands for "Extensible Hypertext Markup Language." Yes, apparently "Extensible"
starts with an "X." XHTML is a spinoff of the hypertext markup language (HTML) used for
creating Web pages. It is based on the HTML 4.0 syntax, but has been modified to follow the
guidelines of XML, the Extensible Markup Language. Therefore, XHTML 1.0 is sometimes referred
to as HTML 5.0.
Because XHTML is "extensible," Web developers can create their own objects and tags for each
Web page they build. This gives the developers more control over the appearance and
organization of their Web pages. The only requirement is that the custom tags and attributes are
defined in a document type definition (DTD), that is referenced by the XHTML page.
Encryption is the process of converting data to an unrecognizable or "encrypted" form. It is
commonly used to protect sensitive information so that only authorized parties can view it. This
includes files and storage devices, as well as data transferred over wireless networks and the
Internet.
URL Stands for "Uniform Resource Locator." A URL is the address of a specific webpage or file on the Internet. For example, the
URL of the TechTerms website is "http://techterms.com." The address of this page is "http://techterms.com/definition/url" and
includes the following elements:
http:// the URL prefix, which specifies the protocol used to access the location
techterms.com the server name or IP address of the server
/definition/url the path to the directory or file
While all website URLs begin with "http," several other prefixes exist. Below is a list of various URL prefixes:
http a webpage, website directory, or other file available over HTTP
ftp a file or directory of files available to download from an FTP server
news a discussion located within a specific newsgroup
telnet a Unix-based computer system that supports remote client connections
gopher a document or menu located on a gopher server
wais - a document or search results from a WAIS database
mailto - an email address (often used to redirect browsers to an email client)
file - a file located on a local storage device (though not technically a URL because it does not refer to an Internet-based location)
You can manually enter a URL by typing it in the address bar of your web browser. For example, you might enter a website
URL printed on a business card to visit the company's website. Most URLs, however appear automatically when you click on
a link or open a bookmark. If the server name in the URL is not valid, your browser may display a "Server not found" error. If
the path in the URL is incorrect, the server may respond with a 404 error.
NOTE: URLs use forward slashes to denote different directories and cannot contain spaces. Therefore, dashes and
underscores are often used to separate words within a web address. If your browser produces an error when you visit a
specific webpage, you can double-check the URL for typos or other errors. If you find an error, you can manually edit the URL
and press Enter to see if it works.
 Ajax is a combination of Web development technologies used for creating dynamic websites.
While the term "Ajax" is not written in all caps like most tech acronyms, the letters stand for
"Asynchronous JavaScript And XML." Therefore, websites that use Ajax
combine JavaScript and XML to display dynamic content.
The "asynchronous" part of Ajax refers to the way requests are made to the Web server. When
a script sends a request to the Web server, it may receive data, which can then be displayed on
the Web page. Since these events happen at slightly different times, they are considered to be
asynchronous. Most Ajax implementations use the XMLHttpRequest API, which includes a list of
server requests that can be called within JavaScript code. The data is usually sent back to
the browser in an XML format, since it is easy to parse. However, it is possible for the server to
send data as unformatted plain text as well.
A cookie is a small amount of data generated by a website and saved by your web browser. Its
purpose is to remember information about you, similar to a preference file created by a
software application.
While cookies serve many functions, their most common purpose is to store logininformation
for a specific site. Some sites will save both your username and password in a cookie, while
others will only save your username. Whenever you check a box that says, "Remember me on
this computer," the website will generate a login cookie once you successfully log in. Each
time you revisit the website, you may only need to enter your password or you might not need
to log in at all.
PARTS OF A WEB BROWSER

Empowerment Technologies
 PA RT S
OF A
WEB
B ROW S
ER
 TITLE BAR

The bar that displays the title of

the file that is displayed on the
screen.
 MENU BAR

File--allows the user to open (view) an html file from the local computer, save a page from the Web,
print a page from the Web, send a page or link by email, and import or export information from the
Internet to other applications or to a file on your computer.
Edit--allows the operator to cut, copy, paste, or select material from a Web page.
View--allows the user to customize the appearance of the screen, go to Home Page, back, or forward,
stop a screen that is loading, refresh (redisplay) a screen, change the size of the text on the screen
display, or view the html source code for the displayed document.
Favorites--provides a means to add or organize favorites or URLs the user wishes to save for further
reference.
Tools--under Internet Options/Security, this tool allows the user to set security levels; for example, a
security level of high will not allow the user to download files. Under Internet Options/General, the
user can set the the screen to redraw each time it loads so as to see the latest version of a Web page.
Under Internet Options/Advanced, settings to enable Java Script can be set.
Help--provides a contents and index for help on various topics as well as a place to determine the
version of browser.
 Search--searches the Web for words or phrases
the user enters in the search box.
Favorites--lists favorite sites.
History--allows the user to find previously viewed
URLs.
Mail--Links to the computer's email facility.
Print--prints the file displayed on the screen.
 COMMAND TOOLBAR

Back--goes to the previously viewed pages, one at a

time.
Forward--after going back, clicking the forward button
moves through the pages in the order they were
viewed.
Stop--stops the transfer of a page that is loading.
Refresh--redraws the page on the screen.
Home--takes the user to the URL specified as the
Home Page. It is set through Tools/Internet Options,
the General tab.
 ADDRESS BAR

This is the area where the Uniform

Resource Locator (URL) or Web
address of Internet sites are entered.
 SCROLL BAR

Scroll bars--the bars located at the

right and bottom of the screen.
Holding the mouse button and
dragging up and down or left to right
moves the display on the screen.
 HYPERLINKS

When the mouse pointer is placed over a

hyperlink, it changes to the image of a hand
Click the left mouse button to move to
the new Web page.
 1.CSS
2.HTML
QUI Z : 3.XHTML
I DE NT I FY T H E
FOL L OW I NG 4.Ajax
T E R MS
5.Cookies
6.Web browser
7.URL
8.Bookmark
9.Java script
10.Website
THE SEARCH ENGINE

Empowerment Technologies
 WHAT IS A SEARCH ENGINE?

A search engine is a program that searches the World Wide Web when a user
enters a keyword for phrase and presses the Search button. The engine performs
a search then returns a list of documents that contain the keyword(s). A results
page with a list of linked pages along with a brief description of the information
displays in ranked order according to relevance. This allows the user to quickly
review the content and to follow the links that seem to be most related to the
research question.
Without search engines, it would be nearly impossible to locate information on
the Web and certainly there would be no organized way of finding information.
 HOW DO SEARCH ENGINES SEARCH?

Search engines use different technologies for gathering and ranking the
relevance of search results. The same keywords entered in each of the
search engines will return different results. Each has its own set of rules
for conducting searches.
Likewise, metasearch engines present search results in different ways. For
example, Dogpile presents results grouped by their original source, but
MetaCrawler presents the results based on relevancy. It is important to
become familiar with a variety of search engines so you will be able to
select the best engine for the type of research you need to do
 TYPES OF SEARCH ENGINES

Search engines can be categorized in a number of ways. The

"SearchEngineWatch" site has categorized them as:
Major Search Engines and Directories
Metacrawlers and Metasearch Engines
Specialized search engines
In addition, some Web sites have their own site search engines
usually displayed as a search text box on the home page.
 MAJOR SEARCH ENGINES AND
DIRECTORIES
Follow the "Major Search Engine" link to see a list of some of the more
popular search engines and directories. Search engines use "crawler" or
"spider" software to search the Web and are often referred to as crawler-
based engines. Directories are categorized by subject and are generally created
by human intervention.
Some of the more popular search engines and directories are listed in Tables 1
and 2.
Table 1: Search Engines and Web Addresses

Search Engine URL

Google http://www.google.com
Yahoo http://www.yahoo.com/
Ask http://www.ask.com
AltaVista http://www.altavista.com
Lycos http://www.lycos.com
 Table 2: Directories and Web Addresses

Directory URL
Librarian's Index http://lii.org
Infomine http://infomine.ucr.edu
Academic Info http://www.academicinfo.net
Yahoo http://dir.yahoo.com
Google http://directory.google.com
 METACRAWLERS AND
METASEARCH ENGINES
Rather than doing the same search several times, you can use a metasearch
engine to compile a search from several search engines. Some do a better job
than others by not returning duplicate listings. Dogpile, Excite, WebCrawler,
and MetaCrawler are some of the major metasearch engines.
Table 3: Metasearch Engines and Web Addresses
Search Engine URL
Dogpile http://www.dogpile.com
Excite http://www.excite.com
WebCrawler http://www.webcrawler.com
MetaCrawler http://www.metacrawler.com
Ixquick http://www.ixquick.com
 SPECIALIZED SEARCH ENGINES

There are many specialized search engines that target only specific types of
information such as news, travel, shopping, computers, and mailing lists.
Table 4: Scholarly Search Engines and Web Addresses
Search Engine URL
Google Book Search http://books.google.com/
Google Scholar http://scholar.google.com/
http://www.oclc.org/worldcat/open/tryi
Open WorldCat
t/default.htm
Windows Live Academic http://academic.live.com/default.aspx
Infoplease (dictionary, thesaurus, and
http://www.infoplease.com
encyclopedia
 QUIZ

Define the following: Identify whether the site is a MAJOR

SEARCH ENGINE, METACRAWLER or
1. CSS SPECIALIZED SEARCH ENGINE

2. HTML 6. http://scholar.google.com/
7. http://www.dogpile.com
3. XHTML
8. http://www.altavista.com
4. URL 9. http://www.ixquick.com
5. www 10. http://academic.live.com/default.aspx
SEARCH TECHNIQUES
 GENERAL SEARCH TECHNIQUES

Searching the Web generally includes the following

steps:
Formulate a query defining the research question.
Enter the keyword(s) in the search text box then enter
or click on the search button.
Review the search tool results consisting of relevant
URLs, titles, and descriptions of material and links.
 BEGIN WITH THE RESEARCH
QUESTION TO FORMULATE A QUERY

Begin the process by writing the research question then convert it to a query
which is the text to be entered in the search engine's "search text box." A
query must consist of at least one keyword but may be a series of words, a
phrase, or a sentence. Since search engines ignore them, omit small words and
single-digit numbers.You will learn later how to include them if they are
significant to the search.
Let's suppose that the question is, "How do I locate elementary math
curriculum for a fifth grade class?" Formulate the query by including all
important words. Important words would be: elementary math
curriculum fifth grade. The query can be further refined by including
"search operators" described in the following section.
 INCLUDE SEARCH OPERATORS

Search Operators and Descriptions

Operator
Symbol Description
Function

+math +curriculum +elementary (retrieves only pages

Inclusion +
that contain all words)
+math +curriculum +elementary -algebra (retrieves
Exclusion -
pages as above but does not include algebra.)
elementary * assessment (retrieves pages with
Wildcard * elementary--any word--assessment such as elementary
literacy assessment, elementary needs assessment, etc.)
"special education" and "elementary" (retrieves pages
Phrases "" with phrases in the exact order presented in the
quotation marks.)
 SEARCH OPERATORS AND
DESCRIPTIONS

Some search engines use Boolean Logic where AND, OR, and
NOT are used to link search terms. For an explanation go
to Boolean Logic. See the following examples:
math AND curriculum AND elementary (retrieves only pages that
contain all words)
math OR science AND curriculum (retrieves pages with math and
curriculum or science and curriculum)
math OR science OR reading (retrieves pages with any or all of the
terms)
math AND curriculum NOT algebra (retrieves math curriculum but not
algebra curriculum)
 ENTER THE
QUERY USING A
SEARCH ENGINE

For this illustration, we will use

Google. It can be accessed by
going to http://www.google.com.
Since some searches can return
millions or billions of hits or
returns, narrowing the search by
using multiple keywords or
phrases can save time. If the
search is not successful, try
another choice of terms or try
another search engine.
Begin by entering math
curriculum as the query.
 This returns over 50
million, an excessive
number of hits. As you
view the screen, you will
see a link to each page,
keywords in bold, along
with a description of
each hit. Links are
provided through the
URL, the cached pages
(older pages) and similar
pages which have a high
correlation to the linked
page.
Notice the sponsored
links at the top of the
page. These are the sites
that have paid to have
their sites included when
certain search words are
entered.
 To convert the search words to a phrase, enter "math curriculum" with quotations marks surrounding the
terms. The search returns the exact sequence of words inside the marks. This produces about 527,000 hits.
 To further narrow the search to math curriculum for elementary teaching, enter "math curriculum"
"elementary." This returns listings with both "math curriculum" in order and "elementary." The number
of hits is reduced to 258,000.
 Many search engines throw out small or insignificant search terms and single digits. To include a short term or single
digit in the search, include a space and a + symbol in the search criteria. To search for math curriculum for grade 5,
enter "math curriculum" "grade +5" This returns over 41,000 hits.
 If you want to search for the search words only in the title,
enter intitle:"math curriculum" "grade +5".
 It is also possible to search for document formats. Enter doctype:ppt
"math curriculum" to search for PowerPoint presentations about
math curriculum. Other files types such as xls for Excel and doc for
Word, can be retrieved.
 To search for a definition, use this format:
define:mathematics.
 USING A METASEARCH ENGINE

Dogpile is one of the metasearch engines and can be accessed by going to http://www.dogpile.com. Dogpile searches
Google,Yahoo, MSN, and Ask Jeeves. Enter the search query then click "Go Fetch!
 The results returned are the "Best of All Search Engines." To see the top listings for other search engines, click the
individual search engine buttons. To understand how Dogpile selects the listings click on "View Demo" and watch the
multimedia presentation.
 SEARCHING A DIRECTORY

For the next activity, we will use the Google

Directory. It can be accessed by going
to http://directory.google.com.
Our research goal is to write a report about the
pros and cons of "inclusion" in the classroom.
Directories are very good when you need to start
with a subject index then narrow the subject by
choosing subcategories. This process is referred to
as "drilling down." As you work through this
exercise, you will notice that it is important to
have an understanding of the subject matter. In this
case, it is important to know that inclusion refers
to educating all children in regular classrooms
including students with disabilities.Without an
understanding of the topic, it is nearly impossible
to select appropriate categories. An advantage of
using a directory is that once you locate the
information, the links are closely related to the
research question.
Begin by clicking on Reference.You can also click
on the Education link below References.
 SEARCHING A DIRECTORY

In addition to selecting
categories, the Google
Directory provides a text
box where search terms
can be entered to "search
only in the subcategory" or
to "search the Web." Click
on
the education category.
 G O O G L E P RO V I D E S
R E L AT E D C AT E G O R I E S .
C H E C K T H AT L I S T A L O N G
W I T H T H E D I S P L AY E D
C AT E G O R I E S . C L I C K
ON SPECIAL
E D U C AT I O N
 At last, a topic is
revealed that will
provide some
information specific to
the question. Also note
that a breadcrumb list
is displayed that lists
the categories that have
been clicked. Since it is
not likely that users will
find the desired topic
within the first few
clicks, the breadcrumb
list provides a way to
return to previous
subcategories.. Click
on inclusion.
 Follow the links to the articles
and information that seems
most relevant to the topic.
BEST EDUCATIONAL SEARCH
ENGINES FOR ACADEMIC
RESEARCHERS
Empowerment Technologies
 ACADEMIC RESEARCH

Conducting academic research is a critical process. You cannot

rely solely on the information you get on the web because some
of the search results are non-relevant or not related to your
topic. To ensure that you only gather genuine facts and credible
data for your academic papers, check out only the most trusted
and incredibly useful resources for your research.
Here's a list of gratuitous and best academic search engines that
can help you in your research journey.
 GOOGLE SCHOLAR

Google Scholar is a customized search

engine specifically designed for students,
educators and anyone related to
academics. It allows users to find credible
information, search journals, and save
sources to their personal library. If you
need help for your best essays, citations
for your thesis and other researches, this
easy-to-use resource can easily find
citation-worthy materials for your
academic writing.
 ISEEK- EDUCATION

iSeek education is a go-to search engine for students, scholars and educators. It
is one of the widely used search tools for academic research
online. iSeek offers safe, smart, and reliable resources for your paper writing.
Using this tool will help you save time, effort and energy in getting your
written work done quickly.
 EDUCATIONAL
RESOURCES
INFORMATION
CENTER - ERIC

ERIC is a comprehensive online

digital library funded by Institute
of Education Sciences of the U.S.
Department of Education. It
provides a database of education
research and information for
students, educators, librarians and
the public. ERIC contains around
1.3 million articles and users can
search for anything education-
related such as journals, books,
research papers, various reports,
dissertations, policy papers, and
other academic materials.
 V I RT UA L
LEARNING
RESOURCES
CENTER - VLRC

If you're looking for high

quality educational sites to
explore? You must check
out VLRC. This learning
resource center is the best
place to go when you're in
search for useful research
materials and accurate
information for your
academic requirement. It has a
collection of more than
10,000 indexed webpages for
all subject areas.
 INTERNET
ARCHIVE

Internet Archive, a non-profit

digital library, enables users to
get free access to cultural
artifacts and historical
collections in digital format. It
contains millions of free
books, music, software, texts,
audio, and moving images.
Capturing, managing and
searching different contents
without any technical
expertise or hosting facilities
made easier for you through
this search engine.
 INFOTOPIA

Infotopia is Google
alternative safe search
engine that gives
information and reference
sites on the following
subjects: art, social sciences,
history, languages, literature,
science and technology and
many more.
 APA FOR WEBSITES

English for Academic and Professional Purposes

 WHATS WRONG WITH THIS?

https://www.bartleby.com/essay/The-
Love-of-My-Life-F3CAW9KCVJ (2013)
C. Sandejas The Love of my Life Essay
Bartleby.com July 9, 2017
 WEBPAGE ON WEBSITE, WITH AUTHOR,
NO DATE

Buzan, T. (n.d.). Mind maps. Retrieved September 3,

2009, from http://www.buzanworld.com
/Mind_Maps.htm
 WEBPAGE ON WEBSITE, AUTHOR
UNKNOWN

How to study effectively 8 concentration

strategies. (2007). Retrieved September 10,
2009, from http://studenthacks.org/2007/10/
12/study-effectively/
 WEBPAGE ON WEBSITE, GROUP OR
CORPORATE AUTHOR

World Health Organization. (2010). The

WHO agenda. Retrieved July 17, 2010,
from http://www
.who.int/about/agenda/en/index.html
 DOCUMENT ON A WEBSITE, GROUP OR
CORPORATE AUTHOR

TransCanada. (2006). Annual report.

Retrieved from
http://www.transcanada.com
/investor/annual_reports/2006/media/pd
f/TransCanada_2006_Annual_Report.pd
f
 REPORT BY ORGANIZATION THAT IS PART
OF A LARGER ORGANIZATION, FOUND ON
WEBSITE (LARGER ENTITY LISTED 1ST)

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services,

National Institutes of Health, National Cancer
Institute. (2011). Annual report to the nation
on the status of cancer, 19752007, featuring
trends in brain cancer: Questions and answers.
Retrieved from http://www.cancer.gov
/newscenter/qa/2011/ReportNation2011QandA
 NEWSLETTER ARTICLE, WITH AUTHOR,
FOUND ONLINE

Lundquist, C. (2012, February). Recapping ICCB:

New Zealand hosts historic congress for
conservation biology. Society for Conservation
Biology Newsletter, 20(1). Retrieved from
http://www.conservationbiology.org/Publications/
Newsletter/Archives/2012-2-February
/news2.cfm
 BLOG POST

Webber, S. (2007, July 11). Survey of plagiarism

penalties [Blog post]. Retrieved from
http://information-
literacy.blogspot.com/2007/07/this-was-
published-last-month-tennant -p.html
 TWITTER UPDATE OR TWEET

Angelou, M. [DrMayaAngelou]. (2013, June 9).You

can only become truly accomplished at
something you love [Tweet]. Retrieved from
https://twitter.com/DrMayaAngelou/status
/343844424767389696/
NOTE: Include both the authors real name and [screen name]. Use the
screen name without [ ] if no real name is available
 YOUTUBE OR VIDEO WEBLOG, AUTHOR
UNKNOWN

SevereAvoidance. (2012, September 25). The

official Grumpy Cat [Video file]. Retrieved
from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=
INscMGmhmX4
NOTE: Include both the real name and [screen name] of the person who posted
the video as the author. Use the screen name without [ ] if no real name is
available.
 TED TALK, AUTHOR KNOWN

Anholt, S. (2014, June 23). Which country does the most

good for the world? Retrieved from www.ted
.com/talks/simon_anholt_which_country_does_the_
most_good_for_the_world
NOTE: The author is the person(s) giving the TED talk. For the in-text citation
when you are quoting the speech, include the timestamp in place of a page
number, e.g., The policy advisor stated that these governments are cultural
psychopaths (Anholt, 2014, 5:15).
 PUT THE ITEMS IN ORDER FOLLOWING
THE APA STYLE OF REFERENCING

1. The tale of two Flaccos (2015, January 9). http://grantland.com/the-triangle/the-tale-

of-two-flaccos/. Simmons, B.
2. http://www.nbcmiami.com/news/local/Teen-Posed-as-Doctor-at-West-Palm-Beach-
Hospital-Police-288810831.html Teen posed as doctor at West Palm Beach hospital:
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3. (2010, May 3). Schonfeld, E. http://techcrunch.com Google throws $38.8 million to
the wind May 4, 2010. [Web log post].
4. Satalkar, B. (2010, July 15). Water aerobics. Retrieved from http://www.buzzle.com
5. from http://socialmediatoday.com (2012, June 29).. Social Media Today RSS. Cain, K. The
Negative effects of Facebook on communication
 PUT THE ITEMS IN ORDER FOLLOWING
THE APA STYLE OF REFERENCING

1. Simmons, B. (2015, January 9). The tale of two Flaccos Retrieved from
http://grantland.com/the-triangle/the-tale-of-two-flaccos/.
2. Teen posed as doctor at West Palm Beach hospital: police. (2015, January 16).
Retrieved from http://www.nbcmiami.com/news/local/Teen-Posed-as-Doctor-at-West-
Palm-Beach-Hospital-Police-288810831.html
3. Schonfeld, E. (2010, May 3). Google throws $38.8 million to the wind[Web log post]
Retrieved May 4, 2010 from http://techcrunch.com.
4. Satalkar, B. (2010, July 15). Water aerobics. Retrieved from http://www.buzzle.com
5. Cain, K. (2012, June 29) The Negative effects of Facebook on communication. Social
Media Today RSS. Retrieved from http://socialmediatoday.com