Professional Documents
Culture Documents
BEHAVIOR
WEEK 3
Early ideas form the basis for current understanding and boost
your ability to develop new ideas.
Management before the
Industrial Revolution
Before the industrial revolution:
. b) Work Measurement.
(determine the average time a
worker spend to complete
work.) E.g. Hourly basis.
2. Determine standardized
techniques, methods,
equipments for performing a job.
Scientific Management
School Steps to design Job
Structure
Design of Job Structure Training: Scientifically
Select workers and develop
them through appropriate
training (E.g. development of
skills and ability on their job
role)
3. Close co-operation
between managers and
employees to ensure better
results and no interruptions.
4. Reward: Provide
incentives to workers.
Practical Example of a
Classical Manager
If for example Peter is a Classical Manager
working in a Textile Manufacturing Industry
Advantages Disadvantages
Benefits to workers Repetitive tasks, E.g.
2. Well-defined
hierarchy (High
level management
control lower level
management).
3. Strict Chain of
command to link
top level
management to
lowest-level
management
(each member
reports to only a
single superior)
Bereaucracy Max Weber
Objective Strategy Criticism
6. Permanent Career
Commitment: Employment
is viewed as a lifelong
obligation on the part of the
organization
7. Division of Labour
(Employees doing what they
can do best).
Significance of Bureaucracy
in Modern Management
Companies all over the world have adopted
bureaucratic management principles.
Characters
1.Elton Mayo (Researcher) and other
researchers.
2.Two people to work under lightning
conditions
3.Two people to work under low lightning
conditions
Class comments on the role play. (Individuals
behaviour)
Evolution of behavioural management theory
(Human Relations Movement) Hawthorne
Studies
Experiment 1- lighting Levels and Worker Productivity
Description of Experiment:
Two groups of females were observed.
One group worked under a control room condition without any
changes in lighting.
Other group worked whiles lighting were varied (changes in
lighting whether dim or bright)
Results:
Productivity increased in both locations. Thus the output of
lighting remained high even when the lighting was so low that
workers could hardly see what they were doing.
Evolution of behavioural management theory
(Human Relations Movement) Hawthorne
Studies
Experiment 2 - Banking Wiring Room
Description of Experiment
Diverse male work groups were observed during regular working
conditions and interviewed afterwards after work. These included the
following privileges:
Leave their workstation without permission.
Enjoy Lunch
Take rest periods.
Results:
Increased Productivity was based on the fact that they were being studied
enabled them feel more motivated to perform effectively.
To whom much is given, much is expected
Conclusions of Hawthorne
Studies
Interview of Women: They said they were motivated to work
because of attention from supervisor (Social factors) and not
the monetary factors resulting in the following:
.
Relevance of Human
Relations Management
Theory
Managers roles include caring and being
concern about employees work needs and
well-being