Solid Waste Management

Waste- Definition & Classification

Any material which is not needed by the
owner, producer or processor.

Classification
Domestic waste
Factory waste
Waste from oil factory
E-waste
Construction waste
Agricultural waste
Food processing waste
Bio-medical waste
Nuclear waste
Solid Waste
Classification of Wastes
Solid waste- vegetable waste, kitchen waste, household
waste etc.

E-waste- discarded electronic devices like computer, TV,

music systems etc.

Liquid waste- water used for different industries eg

tanneries, distillaries, thermal power plants

Plastic waste- plastic bags, bottles, buckets etc.

Metal waste- unused metal sheet, metal scraps etc.

Nuclear waste- unused materials from nuclear power

plants
Solid Waste in India
7.2 million tonnes of hazardous waste

One Sq km of additional landfill area every-year

Rs 1600 crore for treatment & disposal of these wastes

In addition to this industries discharge about 150 million

tonnes of high volume low hazard waste every year,
which is mostly dumped on open low lying land areas.

Source: Estimate of Ministry of Environment & Forest

Growth of Solid Waste In India
Waste is growing by leaps & bounds

In 1981-91, population of Mumbai increased from 8.2

million to 12.3 million

During the same period, municipal solid waste has grown

from 3200 tonnes to 5355 tonne, an increase of 67%

Waste collection is very low for all Indian cities

City like Bangalore produces 2000 tonnes of waste per

annum, the ever increasing waste has put pressure on
hygienic condition of the city

Source: The Energy & Resources Institute, New Delhi

Waste Collection in India
Primarily by the city municipality
-No gradation of waste product eg bio-degradable, glasses,
polybags, paper shreds etc
-Dumps these wastes to the city outskirts

Local raddiwala / kabadiwala (Rag pickers)

-Collecting small iron pieces by magnets
-Collecting glass bottles
-Collecting paper for recycling

MCD- Sophisticated DWM (Delhi Waste Management)

vehicle
How solid waste affected us in recent years?
Cloudburst in Mumbai (2005) clogged the sewage
line due to large no. of plastic bags

Blast in the Bhusan Steel factory at Noida, caused

due to imported scrap from Iran

Reduction in the number of migratory birds due to

consumption of contaminated foods

Stray animals dying on streets and farmland due

to consumption of plastic bags, which blocks the
food movement in their stomach
Hazardous / Toxic Waste & Dumping Site
Industrialised countries have waste
management problems

Developed countries have strict

environment regulation norms

Most attractive option for them- to dump

into developing countries
Major Polluting Industries in India
Around 2500 tanneries discharge 24 million
cu m of waste water containing high level
of dissolved solids and 4,00,000 tonnes of
hazardous solid waste

300 distilleries discharge 26 million kilo-

litres of spend wash per year containing
several pollutants

Thermal power plants discharge huge waste

materials
Collection & Recycling of Waste Materials
Proposed Work
Case Study: Bhubaneswar Region
Project feasibility Study
Project feasibility Study

Conveyor
Collection
T.T.S(Separation of metals,heavier
elemeny)
Removal Process( Incineration,Energy
Generation)
Rotor Diameter 46 inches (1.15 m)
Weight 13 lbs (5.85 kg)
Shipping Dimensions 27 x 15 x 9 (686 x 38 x 228 mm) 17 lbs. (7.7 kg)
Mount 1.5 schedule 40 pipe (1.9 OD, 48 mm)
Start-Up Wind Speed 8 mph (3.58 m/s)
Voltage 12, 24, 36 and 48 VDC
Rated Power 400 watts at 28 mph (12.5 m/s)
Turbine Controller Microprocessor-based smart internal regulator with
peak power tracking
Body Cast aluminum (AirX Marine is powder coated for
corrosion protection)
Blades Carbon fiber composite (3 Nos.)
Overspeed Protection Electronic torque control
Kilowatt Hours Per 38 kWh/mo @12 mph (5.4 m/s)
Month
Survival Wind Speed 110 mph (49.2 m/s)
Warranty 3 year limited warranty
Managing Waste
Recycling: Processing of a waste item into usable forms.

Benefits of recycling:
-Reduce environmental degradation
-Making money out of waste
-Save energy that would have gone into waste handling &
product manufacture

Saving through recycling:

-When Al is resmelted- considerable saving in cost
-Making paper from waste saves 50% energy
-Every tonne of recycled glass saves energy equivalent to
100 litres of oil
Recycling not a solution to all problems!

Recycling is not a solution to managing every

kind of waste material

For many items recycling technologies are

unavailable or unsafe

In some cases, cost of recycling is too high.

Solution: More Profit With Zero Waste
Exchanging output that are considered
waste
Waste of one could be input or raw material
for others
Evolving a closed system- matter & energy
circulate within
System was not designed to be so
The system of exchange evolved in 10
years
Problems in Dealing With Solid Waste

Education & voluntary compliance

Collection of waste

Technological interventions

Institutions & regulatory framework

Absence of mandatory standards for waste reduction

Market action for waste reduction

Source: The Energy & Resources Institute

References

Environmental Studies
-R Rajagopalan
www.greenpeace.org

www.teri.res.in