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GROUP THERAPY,

FAMILY THERAPY,
& COUPLES
THERAPY
GROUP THERAPY
Group Therapy

For many years, group therapy was


practiced as a method of choice by only a
handful of dedicated therapist.
1
Other used it primarily because their
caseloads was so heavy that group therapy
was the only means by which they could deal
with the overload.

Still other therapist used group therapy as a


supplementary technique.
Joseph H. Pratts
Work with tubercular patients in 1905.

J. L. Moreno
Develop some group methods in Vienna in early 1900s.
In 1925, introduced his psychodrama to US. Hes also
used the term group therapy.

Trigant Burrow
Psychoanalyst who used the related term group
analysis to describe his procedures.

Slavson
In 1930s, Salvson encouraged adolescent patients to
work through their problem with controlled play. His procedures
was based on psychoanalytic concepts.
Experienced group therapist of the
same theoretical persuasion often
use quite different methods.
Because of this poor fit between what therapist
do & where they come from theoretically, its
difficult to evaluate similarities, & differences among
approaches, & indeed, to describe in any coherent
way the methods used in a particular approach.
Psychoanalytic Group Therapy
Focus : free association, transference, interpretation
of resistance, & working through.

Their role is viewed as secondary to that of


individual process.

Wolf believes that dynamics of the group are


secondary to the individual analysis & that role of the
therapist is key.

In contrast to individual psychotherapy, group


therapy can permit a deeper analytic experience
because individuals can lean on the group & thus
increase their anxiety tolerance.
Psychoanalytic Group Therapy
In addition, group members react to one another,
to the therapist, & to relationships of authority &
intimacy.

Typically, wolfs group consist of eight to ten


members who meet 90 minutes three times a
week.

Sometimes the group meets once or twice a week


without the therapist to facilitate the working
through of transference relationships.

Patients often free-associate to their feelings


about other members, report dreams, & analyze
resistance & transference feelings toward both the
therapist & other group member.
Pyschodrama
Developed by Moreno (1946, 1959)

This method is said to bring about a degree of


emotional relief (catharsis) & spontaneity that
heightens insight & self understanding. May be asked
to play themselves or another role.
Transactional Analysis
Develop by Erick Borne
Focus on three chief : ego state, within
each person;

the child ego state, parent ego state and


adult ego state

Aspect of TA is the emphasis on games

Each state is composed of positive &


negative features.
WANT BIG IMPACT?
Use big image.
Gestalt Group

Focus on leading the patient to an awareness


of the now & and an appreciation of one
being in the world.

The therapist focuses on the patient,


while the other group members serve as
observer
Cognitive Behavior Therapy
Interventions for the treatment of depression,
social skills deficits, pain, agoraphobia, social
phobia.

Behavioral & cognitive behavioral groups


usually time limited & are comprised of
patients with similar problems.
Time limited group therapy
This contemporary model is appealing
because of its efficiency, & it is likely to guide
group interventions in the age of managed
care.

This groups meet on weekly basis for a


predetermined number of sessions.
Budman & Gurman described are
characterized of time limited group therapy by
central features :

1. Pregroup preparation & screening.


2. Establishing & maintaning a working focus in the group. The
working focused is defined as a particular concern, problem or issue
that is shared by all group members.

3. Group cohesion

4. Reactions & time limit.


FAMILY and COUPLES THERAPY
Development of Family Therapy
Fruzzetti & Jacobson
Social work movement
- In trying to understand schizophrenia:
1. Palo Alto
2. Theodore Lidz
Emphasized the family in the etiology
of schizophrenia
3. Bowen
Observation of schizophrenic patients
who live together with their parents in a hospital.
4. Ackerman
Reached similar conclusions, because such work & that of
Satir, Haley, Jackson, & Bell gave impetus & direction to the
family therapy movement a movement rich in technique,
theory, and history
Concept of Communication
Family therapy has emphasized communication.

- Family therapy deals with the relationship between the individual


family member & the family system.

- Ackerman said occupies position midway between the individual &


the systems approach that characterizes the communication theorists.

- Ackerman believes that there is a constant interchange among the


patient, the family, & society.

- Great importance to the communication process in the family


system.
Conjoint in Family Therapy
In some varieties of this approach, the therapist
plays a rather passive, nondirective role. In
other varieties, the therapist is an active force,
directing the conversation, assigning task to
various family member, imparting direct
instruction regarding human relations, and so
on.
Conjoint in Family Therapy
In conjoint and other forms of family therapy, there are 5 basic
models of communication:

1. Placting
Always agreeing, no matter whats going on

2. Blamming
A persons way of showing how much he or she weight
around.

3. Super-reasonable
Especially characteristic of teachers, whose words may
come out super-reasonable but may bear no relationship to
how they feel.

4. Irrelevant
The words are completely unrelated to what is going on.

5. Congruent
The word relate to what is real.
OTHER VARIETIES OF FAMILY THERAPY

Concurrent family therapy


- One therapist sees all
family members, but in individual
sessions.
- Goals : the overall same
as those in conjoint therapy.

Collaborative family therapy


- Each family member sees a
different therapist.
- Then therapist get together to
discuss their patients a &
the family as a whole.
Behavioral approaches to Family
Therapy
Have viewed family relations in terms of reinforcement
contingencies.

The role of the therapist is to generate a behavioral analysis of


family problems to helps identify the behaviors whose frequency should
be increased or decreased as well as the rewards that are maintaining
undesirable behaviors or that will enhance desired behaviors.

This becomes a process of inducing family members to


dispense the appropriate reinforcement to one another for the desired
behaviors.

Similar to CBT for the individual, the family version involves


teaching individual family members to self-monitor problematic
behaviors & patterns of thinking, to develop new skills (communication,
problem resolution, negotiation, conflict management), & to challenge
interpretations of family vents & reframe these interpretations if
necessary.
Couples Therapy
Today, the most popular forms of couples
therapy are behavioral marital therapy,
cognitive couples therapy, emotionally
focused couples therapy, sex therapy, &
insight-oriented (psychodynamic) couples
therapy.
Behavioral Marital Therapy
- Beginning from work of Richard Stuart treatment to
of marital dysfunction involved the application of
reinforcement principles to couples interactions.

- A major component of his treatment was a technique


called contingency contracting ; spouses were trained
to modify their own behavior to effect a specific
desired change in their mates behavior.
Additional techniques
Support understanding techniques

Aim to incerease positive


behaviors emitted by partners,
increase collabortive within the
couple, & increase positive
feelings in each partner.

Problem solving technique


Involve training couples in
positive communication skills so
that effective decision making &
negotiating are possible.
Emotionally Focused Couples
Therapy / EFT
Is a brief treatment that seeks to change
partners problematic interaction styles & emotional
responses so that a stronger & more secure emotional
bond can be established.

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