MENCARI KEBOLEHPERCAYAAN

INSTRUMEN YANG DIGUNAKAN

Sejauh manakah instrumen yang digunakan
boleh menghasilkan skor yang hampir sama
sekirannya ditadbir berulang kali

Perlu dilakukan pada peringkat ujian rintis

dan semasa kajian sebenar

Lazimnya menggunakan Kaedah Cronbach

Alpha (data skala) dan KR-20 (data dikotomi)
 KEBOLEHPERCAYAAN
INSTRUMEN
Ketekalan Dalaman (Internal consistency)
Split-half Reliablity
Scorer/Rater Reliability
Kuder-Richardson 20 (KR-20)
Cronbachs Alpha ()

Data Dikotomi : KR-20

Data Skala : Cronbach
 KONSEP KEBOLEHPERCAYAAN
Researchers must demonstrate instruments are reliable since without reliability, research
results using the instrument are not replicable, and replicability is fundamental to the
scientific method. Reliability is the correlation of an item, scale, or instrument with a
hypothetical one which truly measures what it is supposed to. Since the true instrument
is not available, reliability is estimated in one of four ways:
Internal consistency: Estimation based on the correlation among the variables
comprising the set (typically, Cronbach's alpha, KR-20)

Split-half reliability: Estimation based on the correlation of two equivalent forms of

the scale (typically, the Spearman-Brown coefficient)

Test-retest reliability: Estimation based on the correlation between two (or more)
administrations of the same item, scale, or instrument for different times,
locations, or populations, when the two administrations do not differ on other
relevant variables (typically, the Spearman Brown coefficient)

Inter-rater reliability: Estimation based on the correlation of scores

between/among two or more raters who rate the same item, scale, or instrument
 Nunnally and Bernstein (1994) provided guidance in the
interpretation of the reliability coefficient by stating that a value of
.70 is sufficient for early stages of research, but that basic research
should require test scores to have a reliability coefficient of .80 or
higher. When important decisions are to be made with test scores, a
reliability coefficient of .90 is the minimum with .95 or higher a
desirable standard. (Nunnally, J.C. & Bernstein, I.H. (1994). Psychometric Theory (3 Edition)). rd

Nilai Koefisien
Interpretasi Nilai Koefisien Interpretasi

> 0.9 Excellent .90 and up Excellent
> 0.8 Good .80 - .89 Good
> 0.7 Acceptable .70 - .79 Adequate
> 0.6 Questionable May have limited
below .70
> 0.5 applicability
Poor
< 0.5 Unacceptable U.S. Department of Labor Employment and Training Administration
George, D., & Mallery, P. (2003). SPSS for Windows step by step: 1999
A simple guide and reference. 11.0 update (4th ed.). Boston:
Allyn & Bacon.
Mencari Cronbach
 1
2
1
1
Kesan item kepada nilai koefisien
Cronbach

**Pengguguran item bukan hanya

bergantung kepada nilai Cronbach
alfa
 Melapor Kebolehpercayaan Instrumen

Secara keseluruhan instrumen kajian mempunyai nilai

kebolehpercayaan (Cronbach alfa) yang tinggi ( = 0.86). Ini
menunjukkan instrumen yang digunakan sesuai bagi menilai
penilaian guru terhadap buku teks. Menurut Nunally dan
Bernstein (1994), nilai .80 dan ke atas adalah mencukupi bagi
instrumen yang baru dibina atau pertama kali digunakan
manakal George & Mallery (2003) menyatakan nilai koefisiens
kebolehpercayaan > 0.7 menunjukkan kebolehpercyaan
instrumen pada tahap baik.

Di samping itu, anda juga perlu melaporkan nilai kebolehpercayaan bagi setiap
aspek (sub-konstruk)