EMBEDDED SYSTEM

Dr. R. THEAGARAJAN.
Professor in Engineering
Types of SYSTEMS

HARD-WIRED
INTEGRATED CIRCUITS
CUSTOM BUILT
MICROPROCESSOR
MICROCONTROLLER
COMPUTER
 Disadvantages

In HARDWIRED System
Hunt for different components . . . . .
Each component must be wired, soldered
Occupies enormous space
Power consumption will be more
Circuit design is difficult
Troubleshooting is very difficult
Very poor reliability
 Disadvantages

In Integrated Circuit System

Hunt for different ICs . . . . .
Each ICs must be wired, soldered
Analog and Digital
Different Power Supply
Circuit design is difficult
Troubleshooting is difficult
Poor reliability
Advantages & Disadvantages

In Custom Built IC System

Hunt for the specific ICs . . . . .
Easy to be wired
Minimum Chip-count
Single Power Supply
Circuit design is easy
Troubleshooting is easy
Good reliability
Difficult to change for different application
 BETTER approach

MICROPROCESSOR based system

4 bit, 8 bit, 16 bit, 32 bit, 64 bit . . . . .
4004, 4040
8080, 8085
8086, 80186
80286
80386, 80486
Pentium I, II, III, IV
Dual core, Core 2, Itium processors
 GOOD approach

EMBEDDED (Microcontroller) System

Combination of HW & SW + Components
To do a specific task within a given time
Repeatedly
Endlessly

Ex : Microwave oven, Washing machine

 BEST approach

COMPUTERS
Input, Output devices
FDD, HDD for Storage
CDROM, DVD for volume storage
Text, Graphics, Sound, Video
Animation, Simulation
Electronic Data Interchange
Costly
 COMPUTER

It is made-up of numerous embedded

systems like
Keyboard - Intel 8748, Hitachi
Monitor - 6845
Hard Disk Drive
CD-ROM, DVD
Modem - 56 kbps
 Manufacturers
of Microcontroller

Intel - 8051, 8751, 8951, 8096

Motorola - 6801, 6805, 6811, 68xx
National - COP820, HPC16164
Philips - 87c552
Zilog - Z-8
Rockwell - 6500
Texas - 370Cxxx
Hitachi - H8532
NEC
 TECHNOLOGY
used for manufacturing

HMOS
NMOS
CMOS
HCMOS
 EMBEDDED System

All embedded systems do not have

the same
Hardware and
Software
 EMBEDDED System

System on a chip
Higher performance
Low power consumption
Slimmer and more compact
Reduced design & development time
Low cost
 EMBEDDED System

Operating System

Scaled-down version
Real time environment - RTOS
Needs to do several things at a time
Responding to external events
Cope with un-usual conditions
 EMBEDDED System

It needs memory
To store the Program
To store the Data

Data and program are stored in different

area / memories
 EMBEDDED System

System must retain the program, even

without power, hence we use
ROM, EPROM, Flash-ROM

This memory is not fit for storing the data,

hence additional regular memory is
needed, ie RAM
 EMBEDDED System

Additional requirements
Standard serial port
I / O interface to interact with
Sensors, Activators
Network Interface
Universal Synchronous Bus
 EMBEDDED System

Address Bus

Data Bus

Control Bus

CPU EPROM RAM I/O

 Embedded System
Functional architecture of SW

C, C++ ASM file

Compiler Assembler

OBJ OBJ

LINKER

Executable file

Target system
 Embedded System
Functional architecture

Embedded
Computer
System

Front-end Back-end

Communication Link
Serial, Parallel
USB
 Embedded System
Functional architecture

ICE Target
Computer
System

In-Circuit Emulator
Simulator
Logic Analyzer
Embedded System Applications

Auto-mobile
Cellular / Mobile phone
Digital watch
Industrial control equipments
Scientific equipments
Medical equipments
Missile guide for defense
Enemy aircraft detection
Communication satellites
Embedded System Applications

Astronomical research
ATM
Camera system
Deep sea probes
Digital copier
Distributed Control System
Flight Safety - ILS
Intelligent PCI LAN
Radar / Sonar
Video games