GEOLOGY REVIEW

Part I:

“BAGYO”
Generic global term for an intense
low-pressure system over
tropical or sub-tropical oceans
with organized cloud convection
and definite cyclonic surface
wind circulation.
 TROPICAL

CYCLONE
 Types
of “Tropical Cyclones”
1. Tropical Depression (TD)
2. Tropical Storm (TS)
3. Typhoon / Hurricane / Cyclone
4. Super Typhoon
 Parts
of a SUPER TYPHOON
• Eye
• Eyewall
• Outer (Feeder) Bands
• Inner (Feeder) Bands
The average number of
typhoons that enter the
Philippine Area of
Responsibility (PAR) per
year.
20
Average number of
typhoons that cross
the Philippines every
year.
10
 Maximum
Sustained Winds of
118 – 239 kph
Typhoon / Hurricane / Cyclone
 Maximum
Sustained Winds of
45 – 61 kph
Tropical Depression
 Maximum
Sustained Winds of
62 – 117 kph
Tropical Storm
Maximum Sustained Winds
for a
SUPER TYPHOON
Greater than
240 kph
STORM HAZARDS
1. Storm Surge
2. Strong / High Winds
3. Flooding / Extreme Rainfall
4. Eyewall Misovortices
5. Mudflows / Landslides
Winds of more than _____
KPH are considered as
catastrophic.
185
Extreme Rainfall usually occurs
on the ____________ side.
SOUTHERN
Ocean Waves being pushed
towards the shore by the
force of winds.
Storm Surge
Other Weather Disturbances
1.Thunderstorm
2.ITCZ
3.Tail End of the Cold Front
4.Monsoon
 What does
ITCZ stand for?
Intertropical
Convergence
Zone
What happens when
there is an ITCZ?
The two tradewinds meet
(NE & SE) causing rains
usually in the
afternoons.
A seasonal reversing wind
accompanied by seasonal
changes in precipitation
MONSOON
 _______ is the NE
MONSOON and occurs
from _____ to ______.
 AMIHAN
November to March
_______ is the SW
MONSOON and
occurs from _____
to ______.
HABAGAT
July to August
The Monsoon Season
with more rain and
higher wind speed.
HABAGAT
The front of a cold air mass,
brings a narrow band of
precipitation that follows
along its leading edge.
TAIL END OF A COLD FRONT
 Part II:

“EARTHQUAKES”
The result of an adjustment
of the surface of the earth
caused by the release of
energy in the earth’s crust.
EARTHQUAKES
Possible causes of
earthquakes
• Volcanic eruption
• Plate subduction
• Movement of faults
Earthquakes occur
_________.
Along faults
Place in the Philippines
that experiences the
most number of
earthquakes.
 SURIGAO
(3 earthquakes per year)
Common cause of
Philippine
Earthquakes.
 Subducting
Oceanic Plates
Two Measurements
for Earthquakes.
Intensity
&
Magnitude
Date of the Luzon Earthquake.
July 16, 1990
 Time that the
earthquake occurred.
4:26 pm
The epicenter of the
July 16, 1990
earthquake.
CABANATUAN
 The recorded
magnitude and intensity
of the Cabanatuan
earthquake.
Magnitude: 7.7
Intensity: 8.0
 Effects of the
Magnitude 7.7 / Intesity 8.0
Cabanatuan Earthquake.
Ground Rupture
&
Landslides
The MERCALLI SCALE
measures
__________.
Earthquake
INTENSITY
The RICHTER SCALE
measures
__________.
Earthquake
MAGNITUDE
 Techniques on
forecasting earthquakes.
1.Pre-seismic uplift and
subsidence
2.Radon gas measurement
3.Seismic gaps
4.Statistical methods
Degree of earthquake
shaking at a given
locale based on the
amount of damage
 Intensity,
measured by
MERCALLI SCALE
 Measurement of the
amount of energy
released at the source of
the earthquake.
 Magnitude,
measured by
RITCHER SCALE
 The actual measure of
ground movement is given
by ___________.
Richter Scale
(MAGNITUDE)
Measurement of the
amount of damage.
Mercalli Scale
(INTENSITY)
Literal meaning of
“TSUNAMI”
TSU = “harbor”
NAMI = “wave”
 Causes
of TSUNAMI
1.Volcanic eruption
2.Earthquake
3.landslide / glacial collapse
TSUNAMI Stages
1.Withdrawal
2.Surge
 Date of the
Indian Ocean Tsunami.
December 26, 2004
The year when the
Moro Gulf Tsunami
happened.
1976