TUGAS BAHASA INGGRIS

APPENDICITIS

TATI HARTATI 11201119

SUGITO 11201116
POLTEKKES KEMENKES TANJUNG KARANG
PRODI KEPERAWATAN KOTABUMI
2012/2013
WHAT IS APPENDICITIS

Appendicitis is a condition in which the appendix becomes swollen,

inflamed, and filled with pus. The appendix is a small pouch shaped
like a small finger. It is on the right side of the abdomen, connected
to the colon.
Appendicitis generally affects people aged between 10 and 30, but it
can strike at any age. Approximately 250,000 appendectomies are
performed in the United States each year to treat appendicitis
Causes Appendicitis

Infection - a stomach infection may have found its way to the

appendix.
Obstruction - a hard piece of stool may have got trapped in the
appendix. The bacteria in the trapped stool may then have infected
the appendix.
Symptoms of appendicitis?
Initially, some pain can be felt anywhere in the stomach area, but later, as it
intensifies, its location becomes more defined in the lower right-hand side of the
abdomen - an area known as McBurney point.

The following symptoms are common

Progressively worsening pain
Coughing or sneezing is painful
Nausea
Vomiting
Diarrhea
Inability to pass gas (break wind, fart)
Fever
Constipation
Loss of appetite

Appendicitis signs and symptoms are detected,
will diagnose appendicitis

A blood test - to determine whether there is an infection.

Urine test - this will identify a kidney or bladder infection.
Researchers at the Proteomics Center at Children's Hospital
Boston, USA, demonstrated that a protein detectable in urine
might serve as a biomarker for appendicitis.
MRI, CT or ultrasound scan - to view a 3-D image of the
appendix and see whether it is inflamed (swollen). Color
Doppler ultrasound, not CT, should be the first imaging
examination for adult patients with suspected acute
appendicitis
What is the treatment for appendicitis?

In most cases an appendectomy will be performed - the appendix will be surgically

removed.
Laparoscopy (keyhole surgery). Laparoscopic surgery is also known as minimally
invasive surgery (MIS), bandaid surgery, or keyhole surgery. The surgeon inserts a
very thin tube (laparoscope), which has a tiny video camera and its own lighting,
into the abdomen through a cannula. A cannula is a hollow instrument.
Sometimes traditional surgery is necessary. If the appendix has ruptured and
infection has spread, or if there is an abscess, a larger incision will be made so that
the area inside the abdominal cavity can be cleaned. Traditional appendectomy is
also used if the patient has tumors in the digestive system, if a woman is in her third
trimester of pregnancy, or if the patient had many abdominals surgeries before.
Delaying surgery. If the patient has had symptoms for at least five days the doctor
may recommend a course of antibiotics in order to shrink the appendix and clear up
surrounding infection, and perform surgery later.
What are the complications of appendicitis?

Peritonitis . If the appendix ruptures and releases the infection into

the abdomen the patient may develop peritonitis. The peritoneum
will become inflamed. The peritoneum is the membrane that lines
the abdominal cavity and covers most of the abdominal organs.
Peritonitis causes the bowels to shut down - bowel movements will
stop and the bowel will become blocked. The patient will develop a
fever and could go into shock. Peritonitis requires urgent treatment.
Abscess. If the infection seeps out of the appendix and mixes with
intestinal contents, it may form an abscess. If the abscess is not
treated it can cause peritonitis. Sometimes abscesses are treated
with antibiotics. Often they are surgically drained with the aid of a
tube which is placed into the abdomen.
Prevention

Countries with lower incidences of appendicitis also tend to have more

fiber in their people's diets, compared to other countries. It would
therefore be logical to assume that a high fiber diet may help reduce
your chances of developing appendicitis.