CHAP 5

Shearing Force And Bending

Moment in Beams
Brittle or ductile?

Brittle
Ductile
What is a beam?

A beam is a member that carries loads transversely, that is,

perpendicular to its long axis

Identify beams in our classroom

 Outline

Part A
1. Define the term beam and recognize when a load-carrying member is a beam.
2. Describe several kinds of beam loading patterns: concentrated loads, uniformly distributed
loads, linearly varying distributed loads, and concentrated moments.
3. Describe several kinds of beams according to the manner of support: simple beam,
overhanging beam, cantilever, compound beam, and continuous beam.
4. Draw free-body diagrams for beams and parts of beams showing all external forces and
reactions.
5. Compute the magnitude of reaction forces and moments and determine their directions.

Part B
1. Define shearing force and determine the magnitude of shearing force anywhere within a
beam.
2. Draw free-body diagrams of parts of beams and show the internal shearing forces.
3. Draw complete shearing force diagrams for beams carrying a variety of loading patterns
and with a variety of support conditions.
4. Define bending moment and determine the magnitude of bending moment anywhere
within a beam.
5. Draw free-body diagrams of parts of beams and show the internal bending moments.
Beams are subjected to a variety of loading patterns. Identify the type of
loading

Normal concentrated loads: A normal

concentrated load is one that acts perpendicular
(normal) to the major axis of the beam at only a
point or over a very small length of the beam.

Inclined concentrated loads: An inclined

concentrated load is one that acts effectively at
a point but whose line of action is at some
angle to the main axis of the beam.
Uniformly distributed loads: Loads of
constant magnitude acting perpendicular
to the axis of a beam over a significant
part of the length of the beam are called
uniformly distributed loads.

Varying distributed loads: Loads of

varying magnitude acting perpendicular
to the axis of a beam over a significant
part of the length of the beam are called
varying distributed loads
Support types

A simple support is one that can resist only

forces acting perpendicular to the beam.

Fixed Support: A fixed support is one that is held

solidly such that it resists forces in any direction
and also prohibits rotation of the beam at the
support.

Pinned Support: An example of a pinned support

is a hinge that can resist forces in any direction
but which allows rotation about the axis of the
pin in the hinge.
Beam types include
Simple beam. A simple beam is one that carries only
loads acting perpendicular to its axis and that is
supported only at its ends by simple supports acting
perpendicular to the axis.
.
A cantilever beam is built into a rigid support at
one end, with the other end being free.

The built-in support prevents displacements

as well as rotations of the end of the beam.

An overhanging beam: this example is supported by

a pin and a roller support, with one or both ends of
the beam extending beyond the supports.
Compound beam: we will use
the term compound beam to
refer to one having two or
more parts extending in
different directions.

Continuous beam. In contrast,

continuous beams have
additional supports, requiring
different approaches to analyze
the reaction forces and moments.
These are called statically
indeterminate beams.
Concentrated moment: When a moment acts on a
beam at a point in a manner that tends to cause it
to undergo pure rotation, it is called a
concentrated moment.
Reactions at supports
Types of beam
a) Determinate Beam
Fx= 0, Fy= 0 and M = 0
b) Indeterminate Beam
The force and moment of reactions at supports are more than the
number of equilibrium equations of statics. (The extra reactions are
called redundant and represent the amount of degrees of
indeterminacy).
Reactions at supports

Compute the reaction forces in the support rods. The weights are 3.5kN,
4.3kN, 1.2kN and 2.8kN respectively
Reactions at supports

Compute the reaction forces in the support rods. The weights are 3.5kN,
4.3kN, 1.2kN and 2.8kN respectively

Step 1
Reactions at supports

Step 1

Step 2
Step 1

Step 3

Step 4
Compute the reactions (RA and MA) for the cantilever beam

Step 1
Compute the reactions (RA and MA) for the cantilever beam

Step 2&3

Step 4 = 70. 642.5 + 601.5 = 0, check!

Compute the reactions for the overhanging beam

Step 1

Step 2
Compute the reactions for the overhanging beam

Step 3

Step 4
The beam shown below is supported by a pin at A and
roller at B. Calculate the reactions at both supports due to
the loading.
20 kN 40 kN

A B

2m 3m 4m
 Draw the free body diagram:
20 kN 40 kN

RAx A B

2m 3m 4m
RAy RBy

By taking the moment at B,

MB = 0 Fy = 0 Fx = 0
RAy 9 20 7 40 4 = 0 RAy + RBy 20 40 = 0 RAx = 0
9RAy = 140 + 160 RBy = 20 + 40 33.3
RAy = 33.3 kN RBy = 26.7 kN
Determine the reactions at support A and B for the
overhanging beam subjected to the loading as shown.

15 kN/m 20 kN

A B

4m 3m 2m
 Draw the free body diagram:
15 kN/m 20 kN
RAx A
B
4m 3m 2m
RAy RBy

By taking the moment at A:

MA = 0 Fy = 0 Fx = 0
RBy 7 + 20 9 (15 3) 5.5 = 0 RAy + RBy 20 45 = 0 RAx = 0
7RBy = 247.5 + 180 RAy = 20 + 45 61.07
RBy = 61.07 kN RAy = 3.93 kN
Worksheet
A cantilever beam is loaded as shown. Determine all
reactions at support A.
20 kN
5 kN/m
3 15 kNm
4
A

2m 2m 1m